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James Cabell Haynes was born on October 21, 1846 in Marianna, Jackson County to Ephraim Craig Haynes and Nancy Gay Haynes. The sisters to James were Susan Mary Haynes (later McQuagge) born in 1850 and Sarah Caroline Haynes born in 1852. His father, a master carpenter, was born about 1808 and died on July 16, 1851. The young widow, Nancy, married John Padgett on February 1, 1855 and they had two children, Elijah and Eliza.

At the age of eighteen, James enlisted as a private in the U.S. Army on May 8, 1864. He became wounded on February 13, 1865 at Station Four RR, five miles from Cedar Keys. He was discharged at Tallahassee on November 29, 1965. He married Martha Frances Jones, daughter of Jonathan and Mary Mayo Jones, on January 16, 1868. They settled in Wallace, Santa Rosa County in the early 1880s, obtained 79.77 acres and had 10 children. Martha died on August 15, 1919. James married Agnes Carnley Williams and they lived in Ferry Pass, Escambia County. He died on January 1, 1929 and was buried with Martha Frances in Milton Cemetery, Milton, Santa Rosa.