Florida Constitutional Amendments of 1958

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Amendments, Election of 11-4-58:

1957 SJR 532 (Article V, Section 9C*) {Adopted}

1957 SJR 9-X (Article VII Revision) {Removed}

1957 SJR 11-X (Article IX Revision) {Removed}

1957 HJR 8-X (Preamble Revision) {Removed}

1957 HJR 9-X (Article I Revision) {Removed}

1957 HJR 10-X (Article II Revision) {Removed}

1957 CS/HJR 11-X (Article IV Revision) {Removed}

1957 HJR 12-X (Article VI Revision) {Removed}

1957 CS/HJR 14-X (Article VIII Revision) {Removed}

1957 CS/HJR 16-X (Article X Revision) {Removed}

1957 HJR 17-X (Article XI Revision) {Removed}

1957 HJR 18-X (Article XIV Revision) {Removed}

1957 CS/HJR 29-X (Article III Revision) {Removed}

1957 CS/HJR 30-X (Article XII Revision) {Removed}

1957 CS/HJR 31-X (Article XIII Revision) {Removed}

1957 HJR 32-X (Article XVII, Section 1) {Defeated}

1957 HJR 106-X (Providing for submission of Revisions to Electors)

*For a number of years, some of the section numbers assigned by the Legislature were erroneous; then for several more years, the Legislature omitted the section number from some proposed amendments with the instruction: "to be assigned by the Secretary of State upon ratification."

Related Materials:

Supreme Court Opinion (104 So.2d 501)

{Removing 14 Proposed Revisions from Ballot}

Supreme Court Opinion (104 So.2d 841)

{Retaining HJR 32-X on Ballot}

"The Proposed New Florida Constitution: An Analysis," by Manning J. Dauer

Civic Information Series No. 30, Public Administration Clearing Service,

University of Florida. 1958.

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SENATE JOINT RESOLUTION NO. 532

A JOINT RESOLUTION proposing an amendment to Article V of the Constitution of Florida by adding an additional section thereto, to be given a number by the Secretary of State, abolishing the office of county solicitor in Hillsborough County, and transferring the duties thereof to the State Attorney of the Thirteenth Judicial Circuit of Florida, and other matters relating thereto.

Be it Resolved by the Legislature of the State of Florida:

An amendment to Article V of the Constitution of the State of Florida by adding an additional section thereto, to be given a number by the Secretary of State of the State of Florida, shall be submitted to the electors of the State of Florida for ratification or rejection at the next general election to be held in 1958, as follows:

Section __. On and after the first Tuesday after the first Monday in January, 1961, the State Attorney of the Thirteenth Judicial Circuit in and for Hillsborough County, Florida, shall be the prosecuting attorney of the Criminal Court of Record, and the office of County Solicitor, the position of Assistant County Solicitor, the position of Special Investigator for the County Solicitor in Hillsborough County, shall stand abolished and terminated; and thereafter the State Attorney and his Assistant Attorneys, under his direction, shall perform all the duties and functions of office heretofore performed by the County Solicitor. Pending informations filed in the Criminal Court of Record shall not be invalidated hereby, and the State Attorney, or his Assistant State Attorneys, may file amended informations in any such cases if and when necessary. The Legislature may provide for Assistant State Attorneys and Special Investigators for the State Attorney of Hillsborough County, and all Assistant State Attorneys shall be appointed by the State Attorney and sworn in by the Court, and such Assistant State Attorneys shall work under the direction of the State Attorney and shall have full authority to do and perform any official duties and acts that the State Attorney may do and perform.

Upon this amendment being adopted all funds appropriated by law approved by the Budget Commission and budgeted by the Board of County Commissioners of Hillsborough County, Florida, and for the purpose of employing Assistant County Solicitors and other office personnel shall thereafter be used for the operation of the State Attorney's office of the Thirteenth Judicial Circuit in and for Hillsborough County, and for the employing of Assistant State Attorneys and other personnel, of that office, and the State Attorney is hereby authorized to employ such personnel, including Assistant State Attorneys and investigators in the same number and to be paid the same salary as the number of Assistant County Solicitors and investigators employed by the County Solicitor of Hillsborough County, Florida.

Filed in Office Secretary of State June 20, 1957.

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SENATE JOINT RESOLUTION NO. 9-X

A JOINT RESOLUTION proposing revision of Article VII of the Constitution of the State of Florida.

Be it Resolved by the Legislature of the State of Florida:

Section 1. The following proposed revision of Article VII of the Constitution of Florida is hereby agreed to and shall be submitted to the electors of Florida for ratification or rejection at an election to be held as provided at this session of the legislature, that is to say:

ARTICLE VII

LOCAL GOVERNMENT

Section 1. Counties; Municipalities; Special Districts; Powers and Functions. All powers of local government shall be exercised by counties, municipalities, and special districts, and shall be limited to those delegated herein or by the legislature. They shall also perform such state functions as the legislature may provide.

Section 2. Counties as Political Subdivisions; County Seats. The state shall be divided into political subdivisions called counties. The counties and their respective county seats as now established are recognized, and no county seat may be changed except by vote of the electors; provided, in the formation of new counties the county seat may be temporarily established by law.

Section 3. Establishment of New Counties. The legislature shall have power to establish new counties and to change county lines. Every newly established county shall be held liable for its proportion of the then existing liabilities of the county or counties from which it shall be formed, rated upon the bases of the assessed value of the property, both real and personal, subject to taxation within the territory taken from any county or counties; and every county acquiring additional territory from another county shall be held liable for its proportion of the liabilities of such other county existing at the time of such acquisition, to be rated upon the basis of the assessed value of all property subject to taxation within such acquired territory.

Section 4. Location of County Offices; Public Records. The principal offices and permanent records of all county officers shall be at the county seat; provided, branch offices for the conduct of county business and facilities for court proceedings including jury trials in civil cases may be established by law elsewhere in the county. No instrument shall be deemed recorded until filed at the county seat according to law.

Section 5. (a) Commissioner Districts; Decennial Revision; County Commission. Each county shall be divided into five commissioner districts numbered consecutively, and its governing body shall be a Board of County Commissioners, consisting of five members, one from each commissioner district. Upon certification of each decennial federal census the board of county commissioners shall forthwith revise the boundaries of the commissioner districts so that according thereto they will be approximately equal in population, giving consideration to geographic area.

(b) County Officers; Selection; Term of Office. The following officers shall be elected by and from among the electors of each county for a term of four years: one member of the board of county commissioners from each commissioner district, one member of the County School Board from each commissioner district unless otherwise provided by law, County Judge or Judges as provided herein, Clerk of the Circuit Court, Sheriff, Tax Assessor, Tax Collector, County School Superintendent, and Supervisor of Registration; provided, by local law subject to the approval of the electors of the county (1) the county school superintendent shall be appointed by and serve at the pleasure of the county school board, and (2) each member of the board of county commissioners, and also of the county school board unless otherwise provided by law, shall be elected by and from among the electors of the district within which he resides and qualifies for office, and in either event, not less than four years after so providing, the county may by the same method revoke such change. Each member of the board of county commissioners and of the county school board shall reside in the district from which elected. In counties having justice districts a Constable shall be elected for a term of four years by and from among the electors of each district. Successors to those members of the board of county commissioners representing odd-numbered districts and of the county school board representing even-numbered districts shall be elected in 1960, and successors to those representing respectively even-numbered districts and odd-numbered districts shall be elected in 1962; provided, succession to county school board membership may be changed by law.

Section 6. County Ordinances; Legislative Grant of Authority to Enact. The legislature, by local law only, may authorize a board of county commissioners to enact county ordinances; provided, the legislature may by general law limit the subjects on which county ordinances may be enacted, and thereafter no deviation from such general law shall be made except by amendment thereof by general law. Each such local law shall specify precisely the subjects to which the ordinances shall be confined. No ordinance shall conflict with any general, special, or local law except as provided in the local law authorizing the ordinance, and the legislature may amend or repeal any ordinance.

Section 7. Welfare. Counties shall provide in the manner prescribed by law for residents having claim upon the aid and sympathy of society by reason of age, infirmity, or misfortune.

Section 8. Alcoholic Beverages; County Option. Upon petition of one-fourth of the electors of a county the board of county commissioners shall provide for a special election to determine whether sale of all intoxicating beverages shall be prohibited therein or to determine the method of such sale where permitted; and in like manner an election shall be held in a county prohibiting sale to determine whether such prohibition shall be removed. The election shall be held within sixty days from presentation of the petition unless a regular primary or general election falls within such period, in which event it shall be held within sixty days thereafter. Not more than one such election shall be held in any two-year period.

Section 9. Criminal Cases; Costs and Fines. In all criminal cases prosecuted in the name of the state against an insolvent or discharged defendant, the county in which the case was prosecuted shall under regulations prescribed by law pay the legal costs. All fines and forfeitures collected in each county under the state penal laws shall be applied to payment of costs and expenses of prosecuting crimes therein.

Section 10. Municipalities; Establishment; Abolition; Government; Protection of Creditors. The legislature may establish and abolish municipalities, may provide for their government, and may prescribe and alter at any time their jurisdiction and powers. Whenever a municipality is abolished, provision shall be made for the protection of its creditors.

Section 11. Municipal Taxes; Assessment and Collection by County Officers. Subject to approval by vote of the municipal electors at a special election held separately or with any other election the legislature may by general, special, or local law provide for assessment and collection of the taxes of any municipality by the tax assessor and tax collector respectively of the county in which it is situated and for payment by the municipality of reasonable compensation to these county officers for performance of these additional duties.

Section 12. Special Districts Lying in One County; Governing Board. Unless otherwise provided by law, the governing board of special districts lying wholly within a county shall be the board of county commissioners of the county. The legislature may provide by law for the appointment of the governing board by the Governor or by the board of county commissioners, or for election thereof by the electors.

Section 13. Special Districts Lying in More Than One County; Government. The legislature by special or local law may for special purposes create special districts that include territory lying in more than one county and may prescribe the composition, powers, and duties of their governing bodies.

Section 14. Local Government Units; Cooperation with Other Governmental Units. Any local governmental unit may contract and cooperate with other local governmental units, with the state, or with the United States in the exercise of any of its authorized proprietary functions for the planning, development, construction, acquisition, or operation of any public improvement or facility or for a common service.

Section 15. Effective Date of This Article. This article is one of a group of fourteen amendments proposed at the same session of the legislature and submitted to the electors at the same election, and it shall not become effective or a part of the constitution unless the electors adopt simultaneously with this article the amendments constituting respectively the Preamble and Articles I, II, III, IV, VI, and VIII through XIV. This section is an integral part of this article and the entire article shall be invalid if this section is held invalid.

Section 2. The legislature finds as a fact that the interlocking details and the framework of the constitutional provisions contained in the fourteen joint resolutions constituting the Preamble and Articles I through IV and VI through XIV of the proposed revised constitution are such that it would be impracticable to have the provisions of any of them become operative unless all of them are presented at the same election and are adopted thereat, and that the constitutional amendment proposed in this joint resolution should not become effective unless the electors adopt each of said fourteen proposed amendments at the same election.

Section 3. The secretary of state is directed to prepare ballots for voting upon said fourteen proposed amendments at the same election in such manner that each elector may by a single vote cast his vote for approval or rejection of all of them and also in such manner that each elector may, in the alternative, cast his vote for approval or rejection of any one of them.

Section 4. Upon rejection of one or more of said fourteen proposed amendments each of them shall by its terms not become effective. This entire resolution shall not become effective if any portion thereof is held invalid.

Section 5. This joint resolution shall not become operative unless and until House Joint Resolution No. 32-X and all of said fourteen joint resolutions containing said fourteen proposed amendments, whether originating in the Senate or the house of representatives, are adopted by each house of the legislature.

Filed in Office Secretary of State October 23, 1957.

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SENATE JOINT RESOLUTION NO. 11-X

A JOINT RESOLUTION proposing revision of Article IX of the Constitution of the State of Florida.

Be it Resolved by the Legislature of the State of Florida:

Section 1. The following proposed revision of Article IX of the Constitution of Florida is hereby agreed to and shall be submitted to the electors of Florida for ratification or rejection at an election to be held as provided at this session of the legislature, that is to say:

ARTICLE IX

HOMESTEAD

Section 1. Homestead; Exemption from Forced Sale; Freedom from Liens; Exception; Limitations on Disposition. The following property, owned by the head of a family residing on the realty in this state, shall be exempt from forced sale under process of any court for all obligations incurred by him or imposed thereon, and no judgment, decree, or execution shall be a lien thereon, except for payment of (a) taxes and assessments thereon, (b) obligations contracted for the purchase thereof, (c) obligations contracted for erection or repair of improvements on the realty, or (d) obligations contracted for house, field, or other labor performed on the realty:

(i) A homestead to the extent of one hundred sixty acres of contiguous land and improvements thereon located outside a municipality, which area shall not be reduced without the owner's consent by reason of subsequent inclusion in a municipality, or one-half acre of contiguous land located within a municipality, which exemption within a municipality shall be limited to the residence and business house of the owner;

(ii) Personal property of the value of $1,000.

Said exemptions shall inure to the surviving spouse and heirs of the owner.

The homestead shall not be subject to devise if the owner is survived by children. If the owner is married, it shall not be alienated or encumbered without the consent of the spouse. If the owner or spouse is incompetent, the method of alienation or encumbrance shall be as provided by law.

Section 2. Effective Date of This Article. This article is one of a group of fourteen amendments proposed at the same session of the legislature and submitted to the electors at the same election, and it shall not become effective or a part of the constitution unless the electors adopt simultaneously with this article the amendments constituting respectively the Preamble and Articles I, II, III, IV, VI, VII, VIII and X through XIV. This section is an integral part of this article and the entire article shall be invalid if this section is held invalid.

Filed in Office Secretary of State October 23, 1957.

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HOUSE JOINT RESOLUTION NO. 8-X

A JOINT RESOLUTION proposing revision of the Preamble of the Constitution of the State of Florida:

Be it Resolved by the Legislature of the State of Florida:

Section 1. The following proposed revision of the Preamble of the Constitution of Florida is hereby agreed to and shall be submitted to the electors of Florida for ratification or rejection at an election to be held as provided at this session of the legislature, that is to say:

PREAMBLE

We, the people of the State of Florida, being grateful to Almighty God for our constitutional Liberty, in order to secure its blessings and to form a more perfect government, insuring domestic tranquility, maintaining public order, and guaranteeing equal civil and political rights to all, do ordain and establish this constitution.

This Preamble is one of a group of fourteen amendments proposed at the same session of the legislature and submitted to the electors at the same election, and it shall not become effective or a part of the constitution unless the electors adopt simultaneously with this Preamble the amendments constituting respectively Articles I through IV and VI through XIV. This paragraph is an integral part of this Preamble and the entire Preamble shall be invalid if this paragraph is held invalid.

Filed in Office Secretary of State October 23, 1957.

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HOUSE JOINT RESOLUTION NO. 9-X

A JOINT RESOLUTION proposing revision of Article I of the Constitution of the State of Florida.

Be it Resolved by the Legislature of the State of Florida:

Section 1. The following proposed revision of Article I of the Constitution of Florida is hereby agreed to and shall be submitted to the electors of Florida for ratification or rejection at an election to be held as provided at this session of the legislature, that is to say:

ARTICLE I

DECLARATION OF RIGHTS

Section 1. Political Power; Government. All political power is inherent in the people. Government is instituted for their protection, security, and benefit. They have the right to regulate their government and to amend or repeal this constitution. The enumeration herein of certain rights shall not be construed to deny or impair others retained by the people.

Section 2. Equality; Inalienable Rights; Property Rights of Foreigners. All persons, including foreigners eligible to become citizens of the United States, are equal before the law and have inalienable rights. Among these are the right to enjoy life and Liberty, to pursue happiness, to be rewarded for industry, and to acquire, possess, and protect property; but the legislature may regulate or prohibit the ownership, inheritance, disposition or possession of real property by persons ineligible for citizenship.

Section 3. Religious Freedom. The free exercise and enjoyment of religious belief and worship shall never be abridged, but this freedom shall not be construed to justify licentiousness or practices inconsistent with peace and safety. No person shall be incompetent as a witness or ineligible for jury duty or public office because of religious belief. No preference shall be given by law to any religious denomination or mode of worship, and no public funds shall be granted directly or indirectly in aid of any religious denomination or sectarian institution.

Section 4. Freedom of Speech and Press. Every person may freely speak, write, and publish his sentiments on any subject, being responsible for the abuse of this right, and no law shall restrain or abridge the freedom of speech or of the press. The truth of the matter published and good motive in publishing it shall constitute a complete defense in any criminal or civil proceeding for defamation.

Section 5. Assembly; Petition. The people may assemble peaceably to consult for the common good, may instruct their representatives, and may petition for redress of grievances.

Section 6. Right to Work; Collective Bargaining. The right of persons to work shall not be denied or abridged on account of membership or non-membership in any labor union or labor organization. This section shall not be construed to deny or abridge the right of employees by and through a labor organization or labor union to bargain collectively with their employer.

Section 7. Right to Bear Arms. Every person may keep and bear arms in defense of his home, person, property, and the lawful authority of the state, but the legislature may prescribe the manner of bearing them.

Section 8. Searches and Seizures. The people shall be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures; and no warrant to search any place or seize any person or thing shall issue except upon oath or affirmation showing probable cause and particularly describing the place to be searched and the person or thing to be seized.

Section 9. Access to Courts. The courts shall be open to every person for redress of any injury, and justice shall be administered without sale, denial or delay.

Section 10. Condemnation; Preliminary Taking. Private property shall not be taken without full compensation determined by a jury of twelve. Interim possession may be obtained after commencement of suit upon securing payment by deposit of money, an equitable part of which shall be released upon application of the party entitled. Benefits resulting from improvements proposed to be made by an individual or a private or public corporation shall not be applied in reduction of compensation; provided, the legislature may authorize governmental agencies acquiring road rights of way to offset benefits resulting from proposed improvements against severance damages to property not taken. The legislature may provide for drainage of private land over or through that of another upon payment of full compensation.

Section 11. Attainder; Ex Post Facto Law; Impairment of Contract. No bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts shall be passed.

Section 12. Indictment; Information; Plea; Sentence. No person shall be tried for capital crime without presentment or indictment by a grand jury, or for other felony without such presentment or indictment or an information under oath filed by the prosecuting officer of the court. A person charged with any crime not capital may be arraigned and may plead thereto in term or vacation, and the court may at any time pronounce judgment and sentence on a plea of guilty.

Section 13. Habeas Corpus. The writ of habeas corpus shall be granted as of right, promptly and without cost.

Section 14. Bail. Until adjudged guilty, every person is entitled to release on reasonable bail with sufficient surety unless charged with capital offense and the proof of guilt is evident or the presumption is great.

Section 15. Jury Trial; Rights of Accused. The right of trial by jury in criminal and civil proceedings as heretofore established shall be secured to all and remain inviolate.

In all criminal prosecutions the accused shall have the right to demand the nature and cause of the accusation, to be furnished with a copy of the charges, to have compulsory process for attendance of witnesses in his favor, to be confronted in any trial with the witnesses against him, to be heard in person or by counsel or both, and to have a speedy, public, and impartial trial by jury in the county where the crime was committed, if such county is known. If such county is not known, the indictment or information may charge venue in two or more counties conjunctively and proof that the crime was committed in such area shall be sufficient, but the accused may before pleading elect the county in which to be tried. No person shall be compelled to pay costs until convicted on final trial.

No person shall be twice put in jeopardy for the same offense, or be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, or be deprived of life, Liberty, or property without due process of law.

Section 16. Excessive Fines; Cruel Punishment; Attainder; Detention of Witnesses. Excessive fines, cruel or unusual punishment, attainder, indefinite imprisonment, and unreasonable detention of witnesses are forbidden.

Section 17. Involuntary Servitude; Imprisonment for Debt. Involuntary servitude is prohibited except as punishment for crime following conviction. No person shall be imprisoned for debt without fraud.

Section 18. Penalties Imposed by Administrative Agencies. No administrative agency shall impose a sentence of imprisonment. Any penalty imposed by an administrative agency shall be prescribed by law and its imposition shall be subject to judicial review as the legislature may provide.

Section 19. Treason. Treason against the state consists only of levying war against it or of adhering to or aiding its enemies; and no person shall be convicted thereof without confession in open court or the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act.

Section 20. Military Subordinate to Civil; Quartering. The military power is in strict subordination to the civil. No member of the military shall be quartered on private property in time of peace without the consent of the owner, and in time of war all quartering shall be as prescribed by law.

Section 21. Effective Date of This Article. This article is one of a group of fourteen amendments proposed at the same session of the legislature and submitted to the electors at the same election, and it shall not become effective or a part of the constitution unless the electors adopt simultaneously with this article the amendments constituting respectively the Preamble and Articles II, III, IV, and VI through XIV. This section is an integral part of this article and the entire article shall be invalid if this section is held invalid.

Filed in Office Secretary of State October 23, 1957.

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HOUSE JOINT RESOLUTION NO. 10-X

A JOINT RESOLUTION proposing revision of Article II of the Constitution of the State of Florida.

Be it Resolved by the Legislature of the State of Florida:

Section 1. The following proposed revision of Article II of the Constitution of Florida is hereby agreed to and shall be submitted to the electors of Florida for ratification or rejection at an election to be held as provided at this session of the legislature, that is to say:

ARTICLE II

GENERAL PROVISIONS

Section 1. Rules of Construction. Unless qualified in the text the following rules of construction shall apply to this constitution:

(a) "Herein" refers to the entire constitution.

(b) The singular includes the plural.

(d) "Vote of the electors" means the vote of the majority of those voting on the matter in an election, general or special, in which those participating are limited to the qualified electors of the governmental unit referred to in the text.

(e) Vote or other action of a legislative house or other governmental body means the vote or action of a majority or other specified percentage of those members voting on the matter; the vote or other action "of the membership" means the vote or action of all members thereof.

(f) Titles and subtitles shall not be used in construction.

Section 2. Branches of Government. The powers of the state government shall be divided into the Legislative, Executive, and Judicial branches. No person properly belonging to one branch shall exercise any powers appertaining to either of the other branches unless expressly provided herein.

Section 3. State Boundaries. The state boundaries are: Begin at the mouth of the Perdido River, which for the purposes of this description is defined as the point where latitude 30 degrees 16 minutes 53 seconds north and longitude 87 degrees 31 minutes 06 seconds west intersect; thence to the point where latitude 30 degrees 17 minutes 02 seconds north and longitude 87 degrees 31 minutes 06 seconds west intersect; thence to the point where latitude 30 degrees 18 minutes 00 seconds north and longitude 87 degrees 27 minutes 08 seconds west intersect; thence to the point where the center line of the Intracoastal Canal (as the same existed on June 12, 1953) and longitude 87 degrees 27 minutes 00 seconds west intersect; the same being in the middle of the Perdido River; thence up the middle of the Perdido River to the point where it intersects the south boundary of the State of Alabama, being also the point of intersection of the middle of the Perdido River with latitude 31 degrees 00 minutes 00 seconds north; thence east, along the south boundary line of the State of Alabama, the same being latitude 31 degrees 00 minutes 00 seconds north, to the middle of the Chattahoochee River; thence down the middle of said river to its confluence with the Flint River; thence in a straight line to the head of the St. Marys River; thence down the middle of said river to the Atlantic Ocean, and extending therein to a point three geographic miles from the Florida coast line, meaning the line of ordinary low water along that portion of the coast which is in direct contact with the open sea and the line marking the seaward limit of inland waters; thence southeastwardly following a line three geographic miles distant from the Atlantic coast line of the state and three leagues distant from the Gulf of Mexico coast line of the state to and around the Tortugas Islands; thence northeastwardly, three leagues distant from the coast line, to a point three leagues distant from the coast line of the mainland; thence north and northwestwardly, three leagues distant from the coast line, to a point west of the mouth of the Perdido River, three leagues from the coast line, as measured on a line bearing 00 degrees 01 minutes 00 seconds west from the point of beginning; thence along said line to the point of beginning.

The legislature may extend the coastal boundaries to such limits as the laws of the United States or international law may permit.

Section 4. Seat of Government; Location of Offices. The seat of government shall be the City of Tallahassee, in Leon County, where the office of the executive officers and of the supreme court shall be maintained; provided, when necessary because of invasion or grave emergency the Governor by proclamation may for the period necessary transfer the seat of government to another place. Administrative agencies shall maintain their offices at the places prescribed by law.

Section 5. State Seal and Flag. The design of the great seal and flag of the state shall be prescribed by the legislature.

Section 6. Felony; Definition. The term "felony" as used herein and in the laws of this state shall mean any criminal offense that is punishable under the laws of this state, or that would be punishable if committed in this state, by death or by imprisonment in the state penitentiary.

Section 7. Census. The latest state-wide decennial federal census shall be the official state census and shall be cited in all laws based on population and for reapportionment of representation. County or district censuses may be taken for all other purposes as provided by law.

Section 8. Public Officers; Methods of Selection; Qualifications; Residence and Other Limitations; Appointment; Vacancy; Refusal of Confirmation; Term; Duties and Personal Attention Thereto; Oath; Bond; Payment of Compensation. The legislature shall provide for election by the people or appointment by the Governor of each state or county officer if the method of his selection is not provided herein, and except as provided herein it shall prescribe his qualifications, method of election, duties, powers, term, and compensation, and also the membership of each board or commission. Each public officer shall maintain his residence within the area from which selected whenever election or appointment from a designated area is required by law. No person holding or exercising the functions of any office under a foreign government, the United States, or another state, shall hold any office of honor or profit under the government of this state. No person shall at the same time hold or perform the functions of more than one office under the government of this state; provided, notaries public and military officers may be elected or appointed to fill any single legislative, executive, or judicial office.

Except as provided herein and as may be provided by law for selection of jury commissioners, the Governor shall make all appointments to each state or county appointive office and shall fill each vacancy in office. Vacancy occurs upon death, failure to qualify within fifteen days from commencement of the term of office to which elected, or, after qualification, upon removal, impeachment, resignation, succession to another office, failure to maintain residence within the area from which selected, or unexplained absence for six months. If confirmation of appointment to an office is required and the Senate disapproves the appointment, the person proposed shall be ineligible for appointment to that office for four years from refusal of confirmation.

Except as provided herein no term of office shall exceed four years and the term of each elective officer shall commence at noon, standard time at the seat of office, on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in January following the election. An officer elected to fill a vacancy shall serve from noon on such Tuesday for the unexpired term, and one appointed to fill a vacancy in elective office shall serve until his elected successor takes office. An appointive officer whose term is not fixed by law shall serve at the pleasure of the appointing authority. Each public officer shall continue in office until his successor qualifies.

Each public officer or agency shall perform the duties prescribed herein, and all except the Governor shall perform all other duties prescribed by law. Each public officer shall devote personal attention to the duties of his office. Each legislator shall take the following oath of office on the first day of the next session of the legislature following his election but upon election shall be qualified to participate in all interim legislative activities, and each other public officer before taking office shall swear or affirm: "I do solemnly swear [or affirm] that I will support, protect, and defend the Constitution and Government of the United States and of the State of Florida; that I am duly qualified to hold office under the Constitution of the State; and that I will well and faithfully perform the duties of [title of office] on which I am now about to enter. So help me God."

Each public officer shall give bond as provided by law and shall not be surety upon the official bond of another public officer. His compensation shall be payable monthly on his own requisition.

Section 9. Property of Married Women. All property of a wife owned before or acquired after marriage shall be her separate property and shall not be liable for the debts of her husband without her written consent executed according to law governing conveyance of the subject property.

Section 10. Suits Against Public Bodies; Extra Compensation; Claim Bills. The legislature may provide by general law for suits against the state or any public body therein.

No extra compensation shall be paid to any officer, agent, or employee after the service is rendered, or to any contractor except in accordance with the terms of the contract. No money shall be appropriated for or paid on any claim not specifically identified and provided for by law in force when the claim accrues unless the compensation or claim has been allowed by bill passed by two-thirds of the members elected to each house of the legislature.

Section 11. Civil Actions; Restrictions on Statutes of Limitation. The time for bringing a civil action on any existing cause of action shall not be reduced without providing a reasonable period for bringing it.

Section 12. Criminal Statutes; Repeal or Modification. Repeal or amendment of a criminal statute shall not affect prosecution or punishment for any crime committed prior thereto.

Section 13. Amendments to United States Constitution; Prerequisite to State Action. No state convention or legislature shall take action on any proposed amendment to the constitution of the United States unless a majority of the members thereof shall have been elected after its submission to the states.

Section 14. Lotteries Prohibited. All lotteries are prohibited.

Section 15. Miscegenation Prohibited. Marriage between a white person and a person of negro descent through the fourth generation is prohibited.

Section 16. Effective Date of This Article. This article is one of a group of fourteen amendments proposed at the same session of the legislature and submitted to the electors at the same election, and it shall not become effective or a part of the constitution unless the electors adopt simultaneously with this article the amendments constituting respectively the Preamble and Articles I, III, IV, and VI through XIV. This section is an integral part of this article and the entire article shall be invalid if this section is held invalid.

Filed in Office Secretary of State October 23, 1957.

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COMMITTEE SUBSTITUTE FOR HOUSE JOINT RESOLUTION NO. 11-X

A JOINT RESOLUTION proposing revision of Article IV of the Constitution of the State of Florida.

Be it Resolved by the Legislature of the State of Florida:

Section 1. The following proposed revision of Article IV of the Constitution of Florida is hereby agreed to and shall be submitted to the electors of Florida for ratification or rejection at an election to be held as provided at this session of the legislature, that is to say:

ARTICLE IV

EXECUTIVE

Section 1. Governor; Chief Executive; Commander-in-Chief; Grants; Commissions. The supreme executive power shall be vested in the Governor. He shall take care that the laws are faithfully executed, be commander-in-chief of all state armed forces not in the active service of the United States, transact all executive business with state civil and military officers, and sign all grants. He shall issue each state and county officer a commission in the name of the state, bearing its great seal attested by the secretary of state, and shall sign it unless otherwise provided by law.

Section 2. Governor; Message to Legislature. At least once in each regular session the Governor shall by message inform the legislature concerning the condition of the state and recommend measures in the public interest.

Section 3. Governor; Suspensions; Filling Office During Suspensions. By executive order stating the ground and filed with the secretary of state, the Governor may suspend from office any state officer not subject to impeachment, any officer of the militia not in the active service of the United States, or any county officer, for malfeasance, misfeasance, neglect of duty, drunkenness, incompetence, permanent inability to perform his official duties, or commission of a felony, and may fill the office by appointment for the period of suspension.

The suspended officer shall be deemed to have acquiesced in the suspension and surrendered all claim to the office unless within thirty days from the filing of the suspension order he shall file with the secretary of state a written demand for a hearing, which shall be accorded promptly before the Governor or a disinterested cabinet member designated by the Governor in writing. All evidence supporting the suspension, and such evidence as the officer may desire to offer in his defense, shall be presented and recorded at the hearing, and a transcript thereof and all documentary evidence shall be filed with the secretary of state. The Governor shall thereupon file with the secretary of state a further order stating his findings and finally confirming or revoking the suspension. If the order does not revoke the suspension and reinstate the officer, the secretary of state shall transmit to the Senate, on the next day it is in regular session, certified copies of the orders and of the record of the hearing; provided, if these copies are not submitted prior to the forty-sixth day of the session the Senate may postpone consideration until the next session. The Senate may take further evidence and shall sustain or disapprove the suspension. If it sustains the suspension or fails to act or postpone consideration before adjourning, the officer shall be removed from office as of the date of the original order of suspension. If it disapproves before adjourning, the officer shall be reinstated and shall receive compensation from the state to the date of reinstatement or to the date of expiration of his term of office, whichever is earlier. The proceedings hereunder shall not affect his criminal or civil liability.

Section 4. Cabinet; Membership; Lieutenant Governor; Election; Term; Qualifications. The Cabinet shall consist of the Governor, Secretary of State, Attorney General, Comptroller, Treasurer, Superintendent of Education, and Commissioner of Agriculture. There shall be a Lieutenant Governor, who shall be an executive officer and shall perform the duties prescribed herein. Each cabinet member and the Lieutenant Governor shall be elected quadrennially at the same state-wide general election for a term of four years and when elected shall be at least twenty-five years of age and for the ten immediately preceding years shall have been a citizen and resident of the state. The legislature shall provide a method and requirements by which in primary and general elections candidates for the offices of Governor and Lieutenant Governor may form a joint candidacy. No person who has become Governor or Lieutenant Governor by election or succession shall be eligible to be elected Governor or Lieutenant Governor until three years from the termination of such service.

Section 5. Cabinet; Duties as Board of Commissioners of State Institutions. The cabinet shall constitute the Board of Commissioners of State Institutions, which shall supervise state institutions in the manner prescribed by law.

Section 6. Appointment of Directors; Reports. The legislature may authorize any board composed entirely of cabinet members to appoint a director of any department under the supervision of such board.

The Governor may require information in writing from any state executive or administrative officer and from any county officer regarding his executive or administrative duties. At the beginning of each regular session of the legislature, and at such other times as the Governor may request, each state executive officer shall report in writing his official acts and the receipts, expenditures, and requirements of his office to the Governor, who shall lay the reports before the legislature at the beginning of the session.

Each state, county, district, or municipal executive officer, agency head, or employee shall furnish information regarding his department, office, or employment upon the request of either house of the legislature.

Section 7. (a) Pardon Board; Application for Pardon. The cabinet shall constitute the Pardon Board. In all cases except treason the Governor and any three others may grant full or conditional pardons, restore civil rights, commute punishment, and remit fines and forfeitures. The legislature shall prescribe the manner of applying for pardons.

(b) Governor; Reprieves; Remissions or Suspensions of Fines. The Governor may suspend collection of fines and forfeitures and grant reprieves not exceeding sixty days in all cases except treason and impeachment. In cases of treason the reprieve may extend to the next legislative session, and at the commencement thereof the Governor shall report the treason cases to the legislature, which may direct execution of the sentence or grant a pardon or further reprieve. If it adjourns without disposing of the case the Governor shall enforce the sentence. A record of each pardon, commutation, remission, reprieve, and suspension granted shall be filed with the secretary of state.

(c) Parole Commission. The legislature may create a Parole Commission, prescribe the qualifications, method of selection, and terms of its members, and empower it to supervise persons on probation and to grant parole or conditional releases to persons under sentence for crime.

Section 8. Advisory Opinions of Justices. The Governor may request in writing the opinion of the justices of the supreme court as to the interpretation of any portion of this constitution upon any question affecting his executive powers and duties. The justices shall, subject to their rules of procedure, permit interested persons to be heard on the questions presented. They shall render their written opinion not earlier than ten days from the filing and docketing of such request, unless in their judgment such delay would cause public injury.

Section 9. Succession to Office of Governor; Service as Acting Governor. The Lieutenant Governor shall become Governor upon failure of the Governor-elect to qualify or upon death, resignation, or removal of the Governor. Further succession to the office of Governor shall devolve first upon the president of the senate, next upon the speaker of the house of representatives, and thereafter as prescribed by law. A successor shall serve for the remainder of the term.

Upon written direction of the Governor filed with the secretary of state, the Lieutenant Governor shall perform those duties of the Governor specified in the directive for the time therein limited.

Upon impeachment of the Governor and until completion of trial thereon, or during his physical or mental incapacity, the Lieutenant Governor shall act as Governor. Further succession as acting Governor shall devolve first upon the president of the senate, next upon the speaker of the house of representatives and thereafter as prescribed by law. Incapacity to serve as Governor shall be determined only by the supreme court upon due notice after docketing of written suggestion thereof by four cabinet members, and restoration of capacity shall be similarly determined after docketing of written suggestion thereof by the Governor, the legislature, or four cabinet members; provided, by certificate filed with the secretary of state the Governor may declare his incapacity for physical reasons to serve as Governor or may declare that such physical incapacity has ceased.

Section 10. Secretary of State; Duties. The secretary of state shall keep the records of official acts of the legislative and executive departments and when requested by either house of the legislature shall lay them and all related matters before it. He shall attest and affix the great seal of the state to all grants and commissions and be custodian of the great seal of the state.

Section 11. Attorney General; Duties. The attorney general shall be an attorney at law and the legal advisor to each officer of the state executive branch.

Section 12. Comptroller; Duties. The comptroller shall examine, preaudit, adjust, and settle all state accounts. He shall be responsible for collecting all taxes due the state except as provided by law.

Section 13. Treasurer; Duties. The treasurer, in the manner prescribed by law, shall keep all funds and securities and make all disbursements, but he shall not disburse funds without the order of the Comptroller, countersigned by the Governor.

Section 14. Superintendent of Education; Duties. The state superintendent of education shall supervise the public school system according to law.

Section 15. Commissioner of Agriculture; Duties. The commissioner of agriculture shall perform the duties prescribed by law relating to agriculture, shall maintain the Bureau of Agricultural Information, and shall be custodian of records pertaining to public lands.

Section 16. Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission; Duties; Membership; Director; Powers; Licenses; Penalties; State Game Fund. (a) The management, restoration, conservation, and regulation of the mammal, bird, reptile, and amphibian wildlife, and of the fresh water fish of the state, and the acquisition, establishment, control, and management of hatcheries, sanctuaries, refuges, reservations, and property owned or used for such purposes by the state, shall be vested in a Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission, a body corporate composed of five members. The cabinet shall from time to time divide the state into five districts and, subject to confirmation by the Senate, shall appoint the commissioners, one from each district, for terms of five years staggered so that one of the terms expires each year. The commissioners shall annually select one of their members as chairman. They shall receive travel and per diem allowances and may receive compensation as provided by law.

(b) The cabinet shall appoint and at pleasure remove a Director, who shall be the executive head of the commission. He shall, subject to approval by the cabinet, appoint, fix the salaries of, and discharge the assistants and employees of the commission and shall exercise other powers and perform other duties prescribed by the cabinet. Members of the commission are ineligible for employment by it.

(c) The commission may, among its powers, establish bag limits and open and closed seasons on a state-wide, regional, or local basis and regulate the manner of taking, transporting, storing, and using mammals, birds, game, fur-bearing animals, reptiles, amphibians, and fresh water fish.

(d) The Legislature shall have exclusive power to enact laws imposing license taxes relating to this section and to fix penalties for violation of regulations made pursuant to it and may enact laws in aid of but not inconsistent with its provisions.

(e) The legislature shall by law provide funds for the operation of the commission under this section.

Section 17. Conservation of Salt Water Fish, Shellfish, and Products. The legislature shall establish an agency to conserve and supervise the salt water fish, salt water shellfish, and salt water products of the state and shall empower it to make regulations relating thereto, which need not apply uniformly throughout the state and may be repealed or modified by law. Should the game and fresh water fish commission be established as the agency, it shall thereupon be designated Game and Fish Commission.

Section 18. Railroad and Public Utilities Commission. The legislature shall establish a Railroad and Public Utilities Commission and prescribe its membership, duties, and powers, including quasi-judicial powers.

Section 19. Effective Date of This Article. This article is one of a group of fourteen amendments proposed at the same session of the legislature and submitted to the electors at the same election, and it shall not become effective or a part of the constitution unless the electors adopt simultaneously with this article the amendments constituting respectively the Preamble and Articles I, II, III, and VI through XIV. This section is an integral part of this article and the entire article shall be invalid if this section is held invalid.

Filed in Office Secretary of State October 23, 1957.

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HOUSE JOINT RESOLUTION NO. 12-X

A JOINT RESOLUTION proposing revision of Article VI of the Constitution of the State of Florida.

Be it Resolved by the Legislature of the State of Florida:

Section 1. The following proposed revision of Article VI of the constitution of Florida is hereby agreed to and shall be submitted to the electors of Florida for ratification or rejection at an election to be held as provided at this session of the legislature, that is to say:

ARTICLE VI

SUFFRAGE AND ELECTIONS

Section 1. Secret Vote; Direct Vote; Choice by Plurality; Regulation of Elections. Unless otherwise provided herein, all elections by the people shall be by secret and direct vote and shall be determined by a plurality of the votes cast. The conduct of elections, requirements for absentee voting, methods of voting, determination of election returns, and procedure in election contests shall be prescribed by law. Recognition, regulation, and nominating procedure of political parties shall be provided by law.

Section 2. Electors; Qualifications; Registration. Every citizen of the United States who is twenty-one years of age, and who immediately preceding registration has been a permanent resident for one year in the state and for six months in the county in which he applies to register, shall upon registering be a qualified elector of such county at all elections under this constitution. The legislature shall provide for registration of all electors, and may provide for registration of electors outside the territorial limits of the state, and no person may vote unless registered according to law. A naturalized citizen shall exhibit his certificate of naturalization or a duly certified copy thereof to the registration officer when applying for registration.

Section 3. Oath of Electors. Each elector shall take the following oath upon registering: "I do solemnly swear [or affirm] that I will protect and defend the Constitution of the United States and the Constitution of the State of Florida, that I am twenty-one years of age, that I have been a resident of the State of Florida for one year and of the county for six months, and that I am qualified to vote under the Constitution and laws of the State of Florida."

Section 4. Disqualifications. No person convicted of a felony, or judicially determined to be of unsound mind, or under judicial guardianship because of mental disability, shall be qualified to vote or hold public office until his civil rights are restored or his disability removed.

Section 5. General and Special Elections. A general election shall be held in each county on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November of each even-numbered year to choose a successor to each elective state or county officer whose term will expire before the next general election and, except as provided herein, to fill each vacancy in elective office for the unexpired portion of the term. The month and day of general elections may be changed by law.

Special elections and referenda shall be held at the time and in the manner provided by law.

Section 6. Effective Date of This Article. This article is one of a group of fourteen amendments proposed at the same session of the legislature and submitted to the electors at the same election, and it shall not become effective or a part of the constitution unless the electors adopt simultaneously with this article the amendments constituting respectively the Preamble and Articles I through IV and VII through XIV. This section is an integral part of this article and the entire article shall be invalid if this section is held invalid.

Filed in Office Secretary of State October 23, 1957.

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COMMITTEE SUBSTITUTE FOR HOUSE JOINT RESOLUTION NO. 14-X

A JOINT RESOLUTION proposing revision of Article VIII of the Constitution of the State of Florida.

Be it Resolved by the Legislature of the State of Florida:

Section 1. The following proposed revision of Article VIII of the Constitution of Florida is hereby agreed to and shall be submitted to the electors of Florida for ratification or rejection at an election to be held as provided at this session of the legislature, that is to say:

ARTICLE VIII

TAXATION AND FINANCE

Section 1. Levy of Tax Pursuant to Law; Surrender of Taxing Power Prohibited; Drawing Money from Treasury. No tax shall be levied except as provided by law, and the power of taxation shall never be surrendered, suspended, or contracted away. No money shall be drawn from the treasury except in pursuance of appropriations made by law; provided, expenses of interim legislative committees as provided by concurrent resolution, including compensation of committee employees, may be drawn as legislative expense unless otherwise provided by law.

Section 2. Credit and Taxing Power; Limitations. The credit of the state shall not be pledged or loaned, directly or indirectly, to any individual, company, corporation, partnership, or association. The state shall not become a joint owner or stockholder in any company, association, or corporation. No tax shall be levied for the benefit of any chartered company. The legislature shall not authorize any county, municipality, special district, or agency of any of them to become a stockholder in any company, association, or corporation, or to obtain, or to appropriate money for, or to loan its credit to, any corporation, association, institution, or individual.

Section 3. State Bonds Prohibited. State bonds shall not be issued for any purpose.

Section 4. County, Municipal, or District Bonds. No county, municipality, or district shall issue any bonds other than refunding bonds without prior approval by a majority of the votes cast in an election in which a majority of the freeholders who are qualified electors residing therein shall participate. Such election may be held as a special election on that subject only, or by the use of separate ballots in conjunction with any special or general election.

Section 5. Uniform and Equal Rate; No State Ad Valorem Tax Except on Intangibles. (a) The legislature shall provide for raising sufficient revenue for each fiscal year to defray the expenses of the state, including state appropriations for state institutions of higher learning and the uniform system of free public schools, but no ad valorem tax shall be levied for any state purpose on any property except intangible personal property. The rate of taxation on all property except intangible personal property shall be uniform and equal.

(b) The legislature may levy on intangible personal property, in lieu of all other state, county, district, and municipal taxes, a tax at special rates not exceeding two mills of the assessed valuation, but any such intangible tax relating to an obligation secured by lien evidenced by writing shall be imposed only once. The instrument shall not be entitled to record until the tax is paid.

Section 6. Motor Vehicle License Tax. Motor vehicles shall be subject to a license tax on an annual basis for their operation in lieu of all ad valorem taxes on them as personal property.

Section 7. Income Tax Prohibited; Limit on Inheritance or Estate Tax. No tax shall be levied by the state or under its authority upon the income, inheritances, or estates of citizens or residents of the state; provided, the legislature may provide for the assessment, levy, and collection of a tax upon inheritances or estates of decedents not exceeding in the aggregate the amounts which may by any law of the United States be credited against or deducted from any similar tax on inheritances, or taxes on estates, assessed or levied by the United States on the same subject. The legislature may apportion all taxes collected hereunder to any state, county, or municipal purposes.

Section 8. Allocation of Pari-Mutuel Excise Taxes. The legislature shall have the power to allocate and distribute to the counties, in equal amounts and at such times as it shall determine, any portion or all of the proceeds of state excise taxes on the operation of pari-mutuel pools.

Section 9. Board of Administration; Gasoline and Like Taxes; Distribution and Use. (a) Until January 1, 1993, the proceeds of two cents per gallon of the total tax levied by state law upon gasoline and other like products of petroleum, now known as the Second Gas Tax, and upon other fuels used to propel motor vehicles, shall as collected be placed monthly in the State Roads Distribution Fund in the state treasury and divided into three equal parts which shall be distributed monthly among the several counties as follows:

One part according to area, one part according to population, and one part according to the counties' contributions to the cost of state road construction in the ratio of distribution as provided in Chapter 15659, Laws of Florida, Acts of 1931, and for the purpose of the apportionment based on the counties' contributions for the cost of state road construction, the amount of the contributions established by the certificates made in 1931 pursuant to said Chapter 15659, shall be taken and deemed conclusive in computing the monthly amounts distributable according to said contributions. Such funds so distributed shall be administered by the State Board of Administration as hereinafter provided.

(b) The Governor as chairman, the state Treasurer, and the state Comptroller shall constitute a body corporate to be known as the State Board of Administration. Said board shall have, in addition to such powers as may be conferred upon it by law, the management, control, and supervision of the proceeds of said two cents of said taxes and all monies and other assets which on January 1, 1943, are applicable or may become applicable to the bonds of the several counties of this state, or any special road and bridge district, or other special taxing district thereof, issued prior to July 1, 1931, for road and bridge purposes. The word "bonds" as used herein shall include bonds, time warrants, notes, and other forms of indebtedness issued for road and bridge purposes by any county or special road and bridge district or other special taxing district, outstanding on July 1, 1931, or any refunding issues thereof. Said board shall have the statutory powers of boards of county commissioners and bond trustees and of any other authority of special road and bridge districts, and other special taxing districts thereof with regard to said bonds (except that the power to levy ad valorem taxes is expressly withheld from said board) and shall take over all papers, documents, and records concerning the same. Said board shall have the power from time to time to issue refunding bonds to mature prior to January 1, 1993, for any of said outstanding bonds or interest thereon, and to secure them by a pledge of anticipated receipts from such gasoline or other fuel taxes to be distributed to such county as herein provided, but not at a greater rate of interest than said bonds now bear; and to issue, sell or exchange on behalf of any county or unit for the sole purpose of retiring said bonds issued by such county, or special road and bridge district, or other special taxing district thereof, gasoline or other fuel tax anticipation certificates bearing interest at not more than three percent per annum in such denominations and maturing at such time prior to January 1, 1993, as the board may determine. In addition to exercising the powers now provided by statute for the investment of sinking funds, said board may use the sinking funds created for said bonds of any county or special road and bridge district, or other unit hereunder, to purchase the matured or maturing bonds participating herein of any other county or any other special road and bridge district, or other special taxing district thereof, provided that as to said matured bonds, the value thereof as an investment shall be the price paid therefor, which shall not exceed the par value plus accrued interest, and that said investment shall bear interest at the rate of three percent per annum.

(c) The said board shall annually use said funds in each county account, first, to pay current principal and interest maturing, if any, of said bonds and gasoline or other fuel tax anticipation certificates of such county or special road and bridge district, or other special taxing district thereof; second, to establish a sinking fund account to meet future requirements of said bonds and gasoline or other fuel tax anticipation certificates where it appears the anticipated income for any year or years will not equal scheduled payments thereon; and third, any remaining balance out of the proceeds of said two cents of said taxes shall monthly during the year be remitted by said board as follows: Eighty percent to the State Road Department for the construction or reconstruction of state roads and bridges within the county, or for the lease or purchase of bridges connecting state highways within the county, and twenty percent to the board of county commissioners of such county for use on roads and bridges therein.

(d) Said board shall have the power to make and enforce all rules and regulations necessary to the full exercise of the powers hereby granted and no legislation shall be required to render this section of full force and operating effect from and after January 1, 1943. The legislature shall continue the levies of said taxes during the life of this section, and shall not enact any law having the effect of withdrawing the proceeds of said two cents of said taxes from the operation of this section. The board shall pay refunding expenses and other expenses for services rendered specifically for, or which are properly chargeable to, the account of any county from funds distributed to such county; but general expenses of the board for services rendered all the counties alike shall be prorated among them and paid out of said funds on the same basis said tax proceeds are distributed among the several counties; provided, report of said expenses shall be made to each regular session of the legislature, and the legislature may limit the expenses of the board.

Section 10. Tax Exemptions. (a) Personal Effects and Household Goods of Family Head. No tax shall be levied on $500 of the assessed valuation of household goods and personal effects of the head of a family residing in this state, or on $500 of the assessed valuation of property of a widow residing in this state or of a resident who has lost a limb or been disabled by war or other misfortune. These exemptions may be claimed concurrently.

(b) Exemption of Homestead from Taxation. Every person who has the legal title or beneficial title in equity to real property in this state and who resides thereon and in good faith makes the same his or her permanent home, or the permanent home of another or others legally or naturally dependent upon said person, shall be entitled to an exemption from all taxation, except for assessments for special benefits, up to the assessed valuation of $5,000 on the said home and contiguous real property, as defined in Article IX hereof. Said title may be held by the entireties, jointly, or in common with others, and said exemption may be apportioned among such of the owners as shall reside thereon, as their respective interests shall appear, but no such exemption of more than $5,000 shall be allowed to any one person or on any one dwelling house, nor shall the amount of the exemption allowed any person exceed the proportionate assessed valuation based on the interest owned by such person. The legislature may prescribe appropriate and reasonable laws regulating the manner of establishing the right to said exemption.

(c) Religious, Charitable, and Other Institutions. Property held and used exclusively for state, county, or municipal purposes shall be exempt from taxation, and the legislature may exempt from taxation property held and used exclusively for religious, charitable, educational, literary, or scientific purposes, and property of a corporation authorized to construct a ship or barge canal across the state.

(d) No tax exemption shall be granted unless authorized herein.

Section 11. Local Taxation. The legislature shall make adequate provision for the assessment of property for taxation and the levying of taxes and of assessments for special benefits by counties and municipalities and by or for districts, for their respective purposes and for no other purpose. The legislature shall prescribe regulations that will insure a just valuation of all taxable real and personal property, and all assessments shall be subject to review, equalization, or adjustment as provided by law. The rate of taxation shall be uniform and equal.

Section 12. Illegal Tax; Prerequisite to Relief. Each taxpayer shall pay into court the portion of his taxes admitted to be regularly assessed and legally imposed before he can seek judicial relief from payment of the remainder, and before such relief is granted he shall pay any additional amount found to be due.

Section 13. Effective Date of This Article. This article is one of a group of fourteen amendments proposed at the same session of the legislature and submitted to the electors at the same election, and it shall not become effective or a part of the constitution unless the electors adopt simultaneously with this article the amendments constituting respectively the Preamble and Articles I, II, III, IV, VI, VII, and IX through XIV. This section is an integral part of this article and the entire article shall be invalid if this section is held invalid.

Filed in Office Secretary of State October 23, 1957.

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COMMITTEE SUBSTITUTE FOR HOUSE JOINT RESOLUTION NO. 16-X

A JOINT RESOLUTION proposing revision of Article X of the Constitution of the State of Florida.

Be it Resolved by the Legislature of the State of Florida:

Section 1. The following proposed revision of Article X of the Constitution of Florida is hereby agreed to and shall be submitted to the electors of Florida for ratification or rejection at an election to be held as provided at this session of the legislature, that is to say:

ARTICLE X

EDUCATION

Section 1. Uniform System of Free Public Schools and Higher Institutions. The legislature shall provide for the establishment, maintenance, and operation of a uniform system of free public schools, and for institutions of higher learning, and may for a period of emergency not to extend beyond the adjournment date for the next regular session of the legislature provide assistance for other non-sectarian schools.

Section 2. State Board of Education; Powers; Duties. The members of the cabinet shall constitute the State Board of Education, which shall be a body corporate and have the management and investment of all state school funds pursuant to applicable law and such supervision of public schools and institutions of higher learning as may be provided by law.

Section 3. County School Boards; Membership; Duties. In each county the school board members shall constitute the county school board, which shall operate, control, and supervise all public schools within the county, levy the county school taxes, appoint the county school superintendent in those counties in which appointment is authorized, and perform other duties prescribed by law.

Section 4. State School Fund; Derivation; Use. The State School Fund shall consist of the proceeds of all lands granted to the state by the United States for public school purposes, twenty-five percent of the proceeds of sale of other public lands now or hereafter owned by the state, proceeds from escheats and forfeitures, state appropriations, and donations to this fund or to the state without specification of purpose. The principal of this fund shall remain inviolate, and interest derived from investment thereof shall be applied exclusively to the support of free public schools. Such interest and all other state means provided for the support and maintenance of free public schools shall be apportioned and distributed among the counties according to a principle of classification prescribed by general law.

Section 5. County School Fund; Sources; Apportionment; Restriction on Use. Each county school board shall levy annually for the support of the free public schools of the county a tax of not less than three or more than ten mills of the assessed valuation of all taxable property therein, and upon vote of the electors that pay a tax on real or personal property it may levy an additional tax not exceeding ten mills. The County School Fund shall consist of the proceeds of these taxes, its share of the interest derived from the state school fund, any state appropriations distributed to it, and revenue derived from any other source for support and maintenance of free public schools. The county school board shall disburse these proceeds solely for the support and maintenance of free public schools as prescribed by general law, but no law shall be enacted authorizing the diversion or lending of such funds or the use of any part for support of any sectarian school.

Section 6. School Bonds for Capital Outlay; Issuance. (a) Beginning January 1, 1953, and for thirty years thereafter, the first proceeds of the revenues derived from the licensing of motor vehicles to the extent necessary to comply with the provisions of this section shall, as collected, be placed monthly in the County Capital Outlay and Debt Service School Fund in the state treasury, and used only as provided in this section. Such revenue shall be distributed annually among the several counties in the ratio of the number of instruction units in each county in each year computed as provided herein. The amount of the first revenues derived from the licensing of motor vehicles to be so set aside in each year and distributed as provided herein shall be an amount equal in the aggregate to the product of four hundred dollars multiplied by the total number of instruction units in all the counties of the state. The number of instruction units in each county in each year for the purposes of this section shall be the greater of (1) the number of instruction units in each county for the school fiscal year 1951-52 computed in the manner heretofore or hereafter provided by general law, or (2) the number of instruction units in such county for the preceding school fiscal year computed in the manner heretofore or hereafter provided by general law and approved by the state board of education (hereinafter called the state board).

Such funds so distributed shall be administered by the state board as now created and constituted by Section 2 of Article X hereof. For the purposes of this section, the state board, as now constituted, shall continue as a body corporate during the life of this section and shall have all the powers provided in this section in addition to all other constitutional and statutory powers related to the purposes of this section heretofore or hereafter conferred upon the state board.

(b) The state board shall, in addition to its other constitutional and statutory powers, have the management, control, and supervision of the proceeds of the first part of the revenues derived from the licensing of motor vehicles provided for in subsection (a) hereof. The state board shall also have power, for the purpose of obtaining funds for the use of any county school board in acquiring, building, constructing, altering, improving, enlarging, furnishing, or equipping capital outlay projects for school purposes, to issue bonds or motor vehicle tax anticipation certificates, and also to issue such bonds or motor vehicle tax anticipation certificates to pay, fund, or refund any bonds or motor vehicle tax anticipation certificates theretofore issued by said state board. All such bonds shall bear interest at not exceeding four and one-half (4 1/2) percent per annum and shall mature serially in annual installments commencing not more than three years from the date of issuance thereof and ending not later than January 1, 1983, and each annual installment shall not be less than three percent of the total amount of the issue. All such motor vehicle tax anticipation certificates shall bear interest at not exceeding four percent per annum and shall mature prior to January 1, 1983. The state board shall have power to determine all other details of said bonds or motor vehicle tax anticipation certificates and to sell at public sale after public advertisement, or exchange said bonds or motor vehicle tax anticipation certificates, upon such terms and conditions as the state board shall provide.

The state board shall also have power to pledge for the payment of the principal of and interest on such bonds or motor vehicle tax anticipation certificates, including refunding bonds or refunding motor vehicle tax anticipation certificates, all or any part from the anticipated revenues to be derived from the licensing of motor vehicles provided for in this section and to enter into any covenants and other agreements with the holders of such bonds or motor vehicle tax anticipation certificates at the time of the issuance thereof concerning the security thereof and the rights of the holders thereof, all of which covenants and agreements shall constitute legally binding and irrevocable contracts with such holders and shall be fully enforceable by such holders in any court of competent jurisdiction.

No such bonds or motor vehicle tax anticipation certificates shall ever be issued by the state board until after the adoption of a resolution requesting the issuance thereof by the county school board of the county on behalf of which such obligations are to be issued. The state board shall limit the amount of such bonds or motor vehicle tax anticipation certificates which can be issued on behalf of any county to seventy-five percent of the amount which it determines can be serviced by the revenue accruing to the county under the provisions of this section. All such bonds or motor vehicle tax anticipation certificates shall be issued in the name of the state board but shall be issued for and on behalf of the county school board requesting the issuance thereof, and no election or approval of qualified electors or freeholders shall be required for the issuance thereof.

(c) The state board shall in each year use the funds distributable pursuant to this section to the credit of each county only in the following manner and order of priority:

(1) To pay all amounts of principal and interest maturing in such year on any bonds or motor vehicle tax anticipation certificates issued under the authority hereof, including refunding bonds or motor vehicle tax anticipation certificates, issued on behalf of the county school board of such county; subject, however, to any covenants or agreements made by the state board concerning the rights between holders of different issues of such bonds or motor vehicle tax anticipation certificates, as herein authorized.

(2) To establish and maintain a sinking fund or funds to meet future requirements for debt service, or reserves therefor, on bonds or motor vehicle tax anticipation certificates issued on behalf of the county school board of such county, under the authority hereof, whenever the state board shall deem it necessary or advisable, and in such amounts and under such terms and conditions as the state board shall in its discretion determine.

(3) To distribute annually to the several county school boards for use in payment of debt service on bonds heretofore or hereafter issued by any such board where the proceeds of the bonds were used, or are to be used, in the construction, acquisition, improvement, enlargement, furnishing, or equipping of capital outlay projects in such county, and which capital outlay projects have been approved by the county school board pursuant to a survey or surveys conducted subsequent to July 1, 1947, in the county, under regulations prescribed by the state board to determine the capital outlay needs of the county.

The state board shall have power at the time of issuance of any bonds by any county school board to covenant and agree with such board as to the rank and priority of payments to be made for different issues of bonds under this subsection (3), and may further agree that any amounts to be distributed under this subsection (3) may be pledged for the debt service on bonds issued by any county school board and for the rank and priority of such pledge. Any such covenants or agreements of the state board may be enforced by any holders of such bonds in any court of competent jurisdiction.

(4) To distribute annually to the several county school boards for the payment of the cost of the construction, acquisition, improvement, enlargement, furnishing, or equipping of capital outlay projects for school purposes in such county as shall be requested by resolution of the county school board of such county.

(5) When all major capital outlay needs of a county have been met as determined by the state board, on the basis of a survey made pursuant to regulations of the state board and approved by the state board, all such funds remaining shall be distributed annually and used for such school purposes in such county as the county school board shall determine, or as may be provided by general law.

(d) Capital outlay projects of a county shall be eligible to participate in the funds accruing under this section and derived from the proceeds of bonds and motor vehicle tax anticipation certificates and from the motor vehicle license taxes, only in the order of priority of needs, as shown by a survey or surveys conducted in the county under regulations prescribed by the state board, to determine the capital outlay needs of the county and approved by the state board; provided, the priority of such projects may be changed from time to time upon the request of the county school board and with the approval of the state board; and provided further, this subsection (d) shall not in any manner affect any covenant, agreement, or pledge made by the state board in the issuance by the state board of any bonds or motor vehicle tax anticipation certificates, or in connection with the issuance of any bonds of any county school board.

(e) The state board may invest any sinking fund or funds created pursuant to this section in direct obligations of the United States or in the bonds or motor vehicle tax anticipation certificates, matured or to mature, issued by the state board on behalf of any county school board.

(f) The state board shall have power to make and enforce all rules and regulations necessary to the full exercise of the powers herein granted and no legislation shall be required to render this section of full force and operating effect from and after January 1, 1953; provided, the legislature may by general law of state-wide application, but not by any law based on population, repeal or amend rules and regulations promulgated under this section. The legislature shall not reduce the levies of said motor vehicle license taxes during the life of this section to any degree which will fail to provide the full amount necessary to comply with the provisions of this section and pay the necessary expenses of administering the laws relating to the licensing of motor vehicles, and shall not enact any law having the effect of withdrawing the proceeds of such motor vehicle license taxes from the operation of this section and shall not enact any law impairing or materially altering the rights of the holders of any bonds or motor vehicle tax anticipation certificates issued pursuant to this section or impairing or altering any covenant or agreement of the state board as provided in such bonds or motor vehicle tax anticipation certificates.

The state board shall have power to appoint such persons and fix their compensation for the administration of the provisions of this section as it shall deem necessary, and the expenses of the state board in administering the provisions of this section shall be prorated among the various counties and paid out of the proceeds of the bonds or motor vehicle tax anticipation certificates or from the funds distributable to each county on the same basis as such motor vehicle license taxes are distributable to the various counties under the provisions of this section. Interest or profit on sinking fund investments shall accrue to the counties in proportion to their respective equities in the sinking fund or funds.

Section 7. County School Bonds; Issuance; Payment; Restrictions. The legislature may authorize county school boards to issue bonds to raise funds for the exclusive use of the free public schools of the county whenever the issuance of such bonds is approved by a majority of the votes cast in an election in which a majority of the electors who are freeholders participate; provided, no election shall be necessary to issue refunding bonds. A special tax on all taxable property in the county shall be levied at a rate sufficient to meet and shall be applied exclusively to the payment when due of the installments of principal and interest on such bonds. Such bonds shall become payable within thirty years from the date of issuance in annual installments commencing not more than three years after the date of issuance. After the first three years from date of issuing, each annual installment shall be not less than three percent of the total amount of the issue. The principal of such bonds, together with the principal of the existing indebtedness of the county incurred for public school purposes and unpaid bonds of special tax school districts thereof shall not exceed twenty percent of the assessed valuation of all taxable property of the county.

Section 8. White and Colored; Separate Schools. White and colored children shall not be taught in the same school, but impartial provision shall be made for both.

Section 9. Effective Date of This Article. This article is one of a group of fourteen amendments proposed at the same session of the legislature and submitted to the electors at the same election, and it shall not become effective or a part of the constitution unless the electors adopt simultaneously with this article the amendments constituting respectively the Preamble and Articles I through IV, VI through IX, and XI through XIV. This section is an integral part of this article and the entire article shall be invalid if this section is held invalid.

Filed in Office Secretary of State October 23, 1957.

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HOUSE JOINT RESOLUTION NO. 17-X

A JOINT RESOLUTION proposing revision of Article XI of the Constitution of the State of Florida.

Be it Resolved by the Legislature of the State of Florida:

Section 1. The following proposed revision of Article XI of the Constitution of Florida is hereby agreed to and shall be submitted to the electors of Florida for ratification or rejection at an election to be held as provided at this session of the legislature, that is to say:

ARTICLE XI

MILITIA

Section 1. Composition of Militia. The militia shall be composed of all able-bodied inhabitants of the state that are or have declared their intention to become citizens of the United States; and no person shall because of religious creed or opinion be exempted from military duty except under conditions prescribed by law.

Section 2. Organization; Equipping; Housing; Discipline; Safekeeping of Arms. The legislature may provide for organizing, equipping, housing, maintaining, and disciplining the militia of the state, and for the safekeeping of public arms.

Section 3. Officers of Militia. The Governor shall appoint all commissioned officers of the militia, including an adjutant general. The appointment of all general officers shall be with the consent of the Senate. Officers shall take rank according to the dates of their commissions. The personnel of the state militia, when uniformed, shall wear the uniform prescribed by law.

Section 4. Call by Governor. The Governor shall have power to call out the militia to preserve the public peace, to execute the laws of the state, to suppress insurrection, or to repel invasion.

Section 5. Federally Recognized National Guard. Whenever a federally recognized national guard exists in the state it shall be sui generis and subject to the lawful orders of the Governor, who shall be commander-in-chief. It may be supported and maintained by the state pursuant to the provisions of federal statutes and regulations of the United States department of defense pertaining to organizing, arming, governing, and disciplining it. Its officers, including the adjutant general, shall be appointed, and shall be subject to suspension, discharge, removal, or compulsory retirement, solely on the basis of military proficiency, character, and service determined pursuant to United States department of defense regulations and usages sanctioned by law, and the qualifications of its personnel shall be those prescribed in military regulations of the United States department of defense.

Section 6. Effective Date of This Article. This article is one of a group of fourteen amendments proposed at the same session of the legislature and submitted to the electors at the same election, and it shall not become effective or a part of the constitution unless the electors adopt simultaneously with this article the amendments constituting respectively the Preamble and Articles I through IV, VI through X, and XII through XIV. This section is an integral part of this article and the entire article shall be invalid if this section is held invalid.

Filed in Office Secretary of State October 23, 1957.

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HOUSE JOINT RESOLUTION NO. 18-X

A JOINT RESOLUTION proposing revision of Article XIV of the Constitution of the State of Florida.

Be it Resolved by the Legislature of the State of Florida:

Section 1. The following proposed revision of Article XIV of the Constitution of Florida is hereby agreed to and shall be submitted to the electors of Florida for ratification or rejection at an election to be held as provided at this session of the legislature, that is to say:

ARTICLE XIV

SPECIAL PROVISIONS

Section 1. Cities of Jacksonville and Key West. Subject to vote of the county electors the legislature may establish or abolish, and without such vote may amend the laws governing, two municipalities, to be named the City of Jacksonville and the City of Key West, extending respectively throughout the present territory of Duval and Monroe Counties, superseding all governmental agencies therein, and succeeding to the ownership of all property thereof and of municipalities therein. Subject to the provisions hereof governing special and local laws other than provisions relating to jurisdiction and duties of any class of officers, summoning and empaneling of grand and petit juries, assessment and collection of taxes for county purposes, and regulation of fees and compensation of county officers, the legislature may prescribe the functions, powers, and jurisdiction of each municipality, may divide it into districts, may determine what portion of it is rural and subject to the limitations on rural homestead realty, and may prescribe the system of taxation and liabilities of the municipality and its districts; provided, upon establishment of each municipality the respective properties taxable for debts then existing shall be solely liable therefor.

Each municipality may exercise all municipal powers herein granted and shall perform all functions and enjoy all powers and privileges of a county, including representation in the legislature. County offices shall not be abolished or consolidated without providing for performance of state functions assigned thereto. The legislature shall not abolish the offices of clerk of the circuit court and sheriff but may prescribe special methods and times of filling them.

Section 2. Dade County Home Rule. (1) The electors of Dade County are granted power to adopt, revise, and amend from time to time a home rule charter of government for Dade County, under which the board of county commissioners of Dade County shall be the governing body. This charter:

(a) Shall fix the boundaries of each county commission district, provide a method for changing them from time to time, and fix the number, terms and compensation of the commissioners, and their method of election.

(b) May grant full power and authority to the board of county commissioners of Dade County to pass ordinances relating to the affairs, property, and government of Dade County and provide suitable penalties for the violation thereof; to levy and collect such taxes as may be authorized by general law and no other taxes, and to do everything necessary to carry on a central metropolitan government in Dade County.

(c) May change the boundaries of, merge, consolidate, and abolish and may provide a method for changing the boundaries of, merging, consolidating and abolishing from time to time all municipal corporations, county or district governments, special taxing districts, authorities, boards, or other governmental units whose jurisdiction lies wholly within Dade County, whether such governmental units are created by the constitution or the legislature or otherwise, except the Dade County Board of County Commissioners as it may be provided for from time to time by this home rule charter and the county school board of Dade County.

(d) May provide a method by which any and all of the functions or powers of any municipal corporation or other governmental unit in Dade County may be transferred to the board of county commissioners of Dade County.

(e) May provide a method for establishing new municipal corporations, special taxing districts, and other governmental units in Dade County from time to time and provide for their government and prescribe their jurisdiction and powers.

(f) May abolish and may provide a method for abolishing from time to time all county offices provided herein or by the legislature except the county school superintendent and may provide for the consolidation and transfer of the functions of such offices, provided, however, that there shall be no power to abolish or impair the jurisdiction of the circuit court or to abolish any other court provided for by this constitution or by general law, or the judges or clerks thereof although such charter may create new courts and judges and clerks thereof with jurisdiction to try all offenses against ordinances passed by the board of county commissioners of Dade County and none of the other courts provided for by this constitution or by general law shall have original jurisdiction to try such offenses, although the charter may confer appellate jurisdiction on such courts, and provided further that if said home rule charter shall abolish any county office or offices as authorized in this section, that said charter shall contain adequate provision for the carrying on of all functions of said office or offices as are now or may hereafter be prescribed by general law.

(g) Shall provide a method by which each municipal corporation in Dade County shall have the power to make, amend or repeal its own charter. Upon adoption of this home rule charter by the electors this method shall be exclusive and the legislature shall have no power to amend or repeal the charter of any municipal corporation in Dade County.

(h) May change the name of Dade County.

(i) Shall provide a method for the recall of any commissioner and a method for initiative and referendum, including the initiation of and referendum on ordinances and the amendment or revision of the home rule charter, provided, however, that the power of the Governor and Senate relating to the suspension and removal of officers provided for herein shall not be impaired, but shall extend to all officers provided for in said home rule charter.

(2) Provision shall be made for the protection of the creditors of any governmental unit which is merged, consolidated, or abolished or whose boundaries are changed or functions or powers transferred.

(3) This home rule charter shall be prepared by a Metropolitan Charter Board created by the legislature and shall be presented to the electors of Dade County for ratification or rejection in the manner provided by the legislature. Until a home rule charter is adopted the legislature may from time to time create additional charter boards to prepare charters to be presented to the electors of Dade County for ratification or rejection in the manner provided by the legislature. Such charter, once adopted by the electors, may be amended only by the electors of Dade County and this charter shall provide a method for submitting future charter revisions and amendments to the electors of Dade County.

(4) The county commission shall continue to receive its pro rata share of all revenues payable by the state from whatever source to the several counties and the state shall pay to the commission all revenues which would have been paid to any municipality in Dade County which may be abolished by or in the method provided by this home rule charter; provided, however, the commission shall reimburse the state Comptroller for the expense incurred if any, in the keeping of separate records to determine the amounts of money which would have been payable to any such municipality.

(5) Nothing in this section shall limit or restrict the power of the legislature to enact general laws which shall relate to Dade County and any other one or more counties or to any municipality in Dade County and any other one or more municipalities of the state, and the home rule charter provided for herein shall not conflict with any provision hereof or of any applicable general laws now applying to Dade County and any other one or more counties except as expressly authorized in this section, nor shall any ordinance enacted pursuant to said home rule charter conflict with this constitution or any such applicable general law except as expressly authorized in this section, nor shall the charter of any municipality in Dade County conflict with this constitution or any such applicable general law except as expressly authorized in this section, provided however that said charter and said ordinances enacted in pursuance thereof may conflict with, modify or nullify any existing local, special or general law applicable only to Dade County.

(6) Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit or restrict the power of the legislature to enact general laws which shall relate to Dade County and any other one or more counties or to any municipality in Dade County and any other one or more municipalities relating to county or municipal affairs and all such general laws shall apply to Dade County and to all municipalities therein to the same extent as if this section had not been adopted and such general laws shall supersede any part or portion of the home rule charter provided for in this section in conflict therewith and shall supersede any provision of any ordinance enacted pursuant to said charter and in conflict therewith, and shall supersede any provision of any charter of any municipality in Dade County in conflict therewith.

(7) Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit or restrict the power and jurisdiction of the railroad and public utilities commission or of any other state agency, bureau or commission now or hereafter provided for herein or by general law and said state agencies, bureaus and commissions shall have the same powers in Dade County as shall be conferred upon them in regard to other counties.

(8) If any section, subsection, sentence, clause or provision of this section is held invalid as violative of the provisions hereof relating to amendments the remainder of this section shall not be affected by such invalidity.

(9) It is declared to be the intent of the legislature and of the electors of the state to provide by this section home rule for the people of Dade County in local affairs and this section shall be liberally construed to carry out such purpose, and it is further declared to be the intent of the legislature and of the electors of the state that the provisions hereof and of general laws which shall relate to Dade County and any other one or more counties of the state or to any municipality in Dade County and any other one or more municipalities of the state enacted pursuant thereto by the legislature shall be the supreme law in Dade County, except as expressly provided in this section and this section shall be strictly construed to maintain such supremacy hereof and of the legislature in the enactment of general laws pursuant thereto.

Section 3. Assessment and Collection of Taxes in Certain Counties. In Broward, Hillsborough, Monroe, Pinellas, Saint Lucie, and Volusia Counties the county tax assessor shall assess all property therein upon which ad valorem taxes are levied by the county or any other taxing authority, and the county tax collector of each of these counties except Monroe shall collect all taxes; provided, no law relating thereto shall become effective in Saint Lucie until approved by vote of the electors, and in Broward the county tax assessor and county tax collector shall respectively assess and collect the taxes of only those municipalities that by ordinance so request. The legislature shall prescribe additional compensation corresponding to the additional functions performed.

Section 4. Consolidation of County Offices and Transfer of Municipal Tax Functions; Orange County. The legislature may provide for creation, abolition, or consolidation of any Orange County offices except judicial offices or for assessment or collection of municipal taxes and assessments by the county tax officers and distribution of the proceeds to the municipal authorities; provided, additional compensation for performance of additional tax functions shall be provided, and the law shall be subject to approval by county referendum held within ninety days of its enactment and after publication of notice in a newspaper of general circulation once in each of the four weeks immediately preceding the election. Laws so approved relating respectively to municipal tax assessment or collection and to creation or consolidation of county offices shall respectively take effect on the first day of the year following the referendum and on the first Tuesday after the first Monday of the year following the first United States presidential election held after the referendum.

Section 5. Appointment of County School Superintendent in Certain Counties. Upon authorization by local law or by vote of the county electors at a special election called by the board of county commissioners upon request by the county school board and held within sixty days of receipt thereof, the county school board of Dade, Duval, Pinellas, and Sarasota Counties shall appoint the county school superintendent, and not less than four years after such authorization the county may by either method revoke it.

Section 6. Escambia County Fees. All charges collected by the officers of Escambia County shall be paid into its general fund and disbursed as provided by law, and the compensation and expenses of its officers shall be provided for by local law.

Section 7. Effective Date of This Article. This article is one of a group of fourteen amendments proposed at the same session of the legislature and submitted to the electors at the same election, and it shall not become effective or a part of the constitution unless the electors adopt simultaneously with this article the amendments constituting respectively the Preamble and Articles I through IV and VI through XIII. This section is an integral part of this article and the entire article shall be invalid if this section is held invalid.

Filed in Office Secretary of State October 23, 1957.

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COMMITTEE SUBSTITUTE FOR HOUSE JOINT RESOLUTION NO. 29-X

A JOINT RESOLUTION proposing revision of Article III of the Constitution of the State of Florida.

Be it Resolved by the Legislature of the State of Florida:

Section 1. The following proposed revision of Article III of the Constitution of Florida is hereby agreed to and shall be submitted to the electors of Florida for ratification or rejection at an election to be held as provided at this session of the legislature, that is to say:

ARTICLE III

LEGISLATIVE

Section 1. Composition. The legislative power of the state shall be vested in a Legislature of the State of Florida, consisting of a Senate and a House of Representatives, whose sessions shall be held at the seat of government.

Section 2. (a) Regular Sessions; Extensions. A regular legislative session shall be convened on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in April of each odd-numbered year for not more than sixty consecutive days; provided, by three-fifths vote of the membership of each house it may be extended from time to time for periods not exceeding in the aggregate thirty calendar days, not necessarily consecutive but not extending beyond the following August, during which no new legislation may be introduced without the consent of two-thirds of the house in which it originates.

(b) Extra Sessions. When within sixty days from the filing of the first certificate one-fifth of the membership of each house of the legislature shall have filed with the secretary of state their certificates that an extra session of the legislature is required for the common good, he shall within seven days thereafter give notice thereof to all legislators by registered mail and poll them on the question: "Shall such session be held?" If three-fifths of the membership of each house shall within fifteen days after such mailing file with him their affirmative votes thereon, he shall call such session to convene on a date fixed by him not less than fourteen or more than twenty-one days after such mailing. Such session shall not exceed thirty consecutive days.

(c) Special Sessions. The governor may by proclamation stating the purpose convene the legislature in special session not to exceed twenty consecutive days, during which only such legislative business may be transacted as pertains to reapportionment, if action thereon is required, or as is within the purview of the proclamation or of a communication from the governor or is introduced by consent of two-thirds of each house.

(d) Reapportionment Sessions. Should the legislature fail to reapportion its representation at any regular session as herein provided, the governor shall call the legislature into reapportionment session, to be convened within thirty days after adjournment of the regular session, to perform its duty in that behalf. Such session shall transact no other business and shall complete reapportionment before adjournment; provided, after the lapse of sixty days from the date such session is convened the governor by proclamation or the legislature by concurrent resolution may adjourn the session to a certain date or sine die.

(e) Organization; Expenses. The legislature may provide for its organization, expenses, and other incidental matters, including per diem of members.

(f) Adjournment by Governor. If during any session the two houses cannot agree upon a time for adjournment, the governor may adjourn the session sine die or to any date within the period authorized for such session; provided, at least two legislative days before adjourning the session he shall while neither house is in recess give each house formal written notice of his intention to do so, and agreement reached within that period by both houses on a time for adjournment shall prevail.

Section 3. (a) First Legislature. The first legislature shall be composed of the legislators elected pursuant to the constitution of 1885, whose terms of office shall expire as therein provided, and of the additional legislators created hereby. If this article becomes effective as the result of a special election thereon the additional legislative offices created hereby shall be filled at the general election in 1958. If this article becomes effective as the result of a general election the additional legislative offices created hereby shall be filled by a special election, as provided by law, as early as practicable after the effective date hereof. Senators from odd-numbered districts shall be those elected in 1956 and senators from even-numbered districts shall be those elected in 1958; provided, the first senators from the additional odd-numbered districts created hereby shall be elected, at a general or special election as provided in this subsection, for a term expiring with the terms of senators from the other odd-numbered districts.

(b) Terms of Legislators; Vacancies. Except as provided herein for the first senators from the additional odd-numbered districts created hereby, each representative shall be elected for a term of two years and each senator for a term of four years by the electors of the area within which he qualifies, at a general election held in the year in which the term of the incumbent expires. He shall take office upon election. Vacancies shall be filled only by special election as provided by law.

(c) Qualifications of Legislators. Each legislator shall be at least twenty-one years of age and an elector and resident of the district or county from which elected.

(d) Eligibility for Other Office. Except as provided herein, no legislator shall during the term for which elected be appointed to any appointive state civil office created by the legislature during such term.

(e) Compensation; Allowances. Each legislator shall receive compensation, payable monthly, not exceeding $2,400 per annum until November 1962 and thereafter as provided by law, and shall receive travel and per diem allowances as provided by law.

Section 4. Representation; Apportionment. (a) Senate. The state shall be apportioned into forty-five senatorial districts designated by number in consecutive order. Such apportionment shall provide fairness and equity among districts, based upon population and such other pertinent factors as may be determined by the legislature at the time of apportionment; provided:

(1) There shall be only one senator for each district;

(2) No district shall be composed of more than three counties;

(3) Counties forming a district shall not be entirely separated by territory of another district; and

(4) No county shall be divided in creating a district.

(b) House of Representatives. The representation in the house of representatives shall be apportioned as follows:

(1) Five representatives for the most populous county;

(2) Four representatives for each of the next two most populous counties;

(3) Three representatives for each of the next seven most populous counties;

(4) Two representatives for each of the next twenty-three most populous counties; and

(5) One representative for each other county.

(c) First Apportionment; Reapportionment. The first apportionment of each legislative house shall become effective upon adoption hereof, and at the regular session in 1965 and decennially thereafter the legislature shall reapportion its representation in accordance herewith. Should it fail to do so, its duty shall continue in every session, of whatever type.

(d) Representation of Newly Created County. A newly created county shall have one representative in the house of representatives until the succeeding reapportionment, and until that time it shall be part of such adjoining senatorial district as the legislature shall designate.

Section 5. Organization; Officers. Each house shall be the sole judge of the qualifications, elections, and returns of its members, and upon convening each regular session shall choose its officers, including a permanent presiding officer selected from its membership, who shall be designated in the senate as President of the Senate, and in the house as Speaker of the House of Representatives. The senate shall designate a Secretary, to serve at its pleasure; the house of representatives shall designate a Chief Clerk, to serve at its pleasure; and the legislature may designate an auditor, to serve at its pleasure, to post-audit state accounts and any others prescribed by law.

Each house of the legislature shall provide a liaison representative to the budgeting authority. He shall be responsible to his appointive house only, shall have access to all records and information available to the budgeting authority, and may sit with it at any time.

Section 6. Procedure; Adjournment; Open Doors; Journal; Discipline; Compelling Attendance. Except as provided herein, each house shall determine its rules of procedure. Neither house may adjourn for more than three days without the consent of the other. The senate may close its doors to the public while sitting in executive session. Other sessions of each house shall be public. Each house shall keep and publish a journal of its proceedings, in which the yeas and nays of each member on any question shall be entered upon request of five members present. Each house may punish a member for contempt and by two-thirds vote may expel him. A majority of the members elected to each house shall constitute a quorum, but less than a quorum may adjourn from day to day, compel attendance of absent members, and prescribe penalties for failure to attend.

Section 7. Attendance of Witnesses; Production of Evidence; Contempt and Penalties. Each house may when in session compel attendance of witnesses and production of public and private documents and other evidence upon any matter under investigation before it or any of its committees, and may punish by fine not exceeding $1,000 or imprisonment not exceeding ninety days any person not a member who has been guilty of disorderly or contemptuous conduct in its presence or has refused to obey its lawful summons or to answer lawful questions. For making investigations between sessions the legislature may confer such powers upon any committee of legislators by a law limited to the committee designated, to a stated period of operation, and to the matters specifically assigned. The manner of exercising such powers, including the fixing of witness fees and expenses and appropriate right of appeal, shall be prescribed by law.

Section 8. Form of Bill; One Subject; Title; Amendment; Enacting Clause. Every law shall embrace but one subject and matter properly connected therewith, which subject shall be briefly expressed in the title. No law shall be revised or amended by reference to its title only. Laws to revise or amend shall set out in full the revised act or amended section, subsection, or paragraph of a subsection. The enacting clause of every law shall read: "Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Florida."

Section 9. Passage of Bills. Any bill may originate in either house and after passage in one may be amended in the other. In each house it shall be read on three separate days unless two-thirds waive this rule. Its first reading shall be by title only unless one-third order it read in full. Its second reading shall be in full unless two-thirds order it read by title only. Its third reading shall be in full unless it is a general revision of the entire laws, in which instance two-thirds may order it read by title only. In each house passage of a bill shall require a majority vote. On final passage the vote in each house shall be taken by yeas and nays and entered on its journal. The bill shall be signed by the presiding officers of the respective houses and by the secretary of the senate and the chief clerk of the house of representatives.

Section 10. Executive Approval; Veto; Item Veto of Appropriations; Repassage. Every bill passed by the legislature shall be presented to the governor for his approval and shall become a law if he approves and signs it, or fails to do so or to veto it within seven days after presentation; provided, if during such period the legislature finally adjourns or takes a recess of more than thirty days he shall have twenty days from the date of adjournment or recess to act on the bill. In all cases except general appropriation bills, the veto shall extend to the entire bill. The governor may veto specific items of a general appropriation bill except the expression of legislative intent as to expenditures.

When a bill or any item of a general appropriation bill has been vetoed by the governor, he shall transmit his signed objections thereto to the house in which the bill originated. If that house is not in session he shall file them with the secretary of state, who shall lay them before that house at its next session, and they shall be entered on its journal.

If each house shall reenact the bill or reinstate a vetoed item of an appropriation bill by two-thirds vote, the yeas and nays shall be entered on the respective journals, and the bill shall become law or the item reinstated, the veto notwithstanding.

Section 11. Effective Date of Laws. Each law shall take effect on the sixtieth day from the date it is filed in the office of the secretary of state unless otherwise provided therein.

The classification by general law of counties, municipalities, and special districts according to population shall, as to those falling within a different class by reason of change in population, become operative thirty days after the adjournment of the regular session of the legislature next convening after certification of the census establishing such change.

Section 12. Distribution of Laws; Judicial Decisions. The legislature shall provide for the speedy publication and distribution of all laws. Laws and judicial decisions shall be free for publication by any person.

Section 13. Special and Local Laws; Requisites for Enactment. No special law or local law shall be passed unless notice of intention to seek enactment thereof has been published in the manner provided by law, in each county in the area to be affected thereby, not less than thirty days or more than ninety days prior to introduction in the legislature. The fact that publication has been made shall be recited on the journal of each house and the evidence of publication shall be preserved with the bill in the office of the secretary of state. Such notice shall not be necessary when the law is conditioned to become effective only upon approval by vote of the electors.

Section 14. Types of Special and Local Laws Prohibited. The legislature shall not pass any special or local law pertaining to:

(1) jurisdiction, duties, fees other than those for special county purposes, or election, including the opening and conducting thereof and the designation of places of voting, of any officers except municipal officers;

(2) assessment or collection of taxes for state or county purposes, including extension of time therefor, relief of tax officers from due performance of their duties, and relief of their sureties from liability;

(3) practice in any court except municipal courts;

(4) rules of evidence in any court;

(5) punishment for crime;

(6) grand or petit juries, including compensation of jurors, except establishment of jury commissions;

(7) change of civil or criminal venue;

(8) conditions precedent to bringing any civil or criminal proceedings, or limitations of time therefor;

(9) refund of money legally paid or remission of fines, penalties, or forfeitures;

(10) creation, enforcement, extension, or impairment of liens, or fixing of interest rates on private contracts;

(11) disposal of public property, including any interest therein;

(12) vacation of roads;

(13) private incorporation or grant of privilege to a private corporation, except as to a ship or barge canal across the state;

(14) effectuation of invalid deeds, wills, or other instruments, or change in the law of descent;

(15) change of name of any person;

(16) divorce;

(17) legitimation or adoption of persons;

(18) relief of minors from legal disabilities;

(19) transfer of any property interest of persons under legal disabilities or of estates of decedents;

(20) fishing or hunting;

(21) regulation of professions which have a state regulatory board.

The legislature may by general law prohibit special or local laws on any other subject. Repeal thereof shall be by general law only.

Section 15. Impeachment; Effect; Filling Office During Trial. The governor, lieutenant governor, justices of the supreme court, members of the cabinet, judges of district courts of appeal, and judges of the circuit court may be removed from office only by impeachment by the house of representatives by two-thirds vote. Impeachments shall be tried by the senate, whose members shall be upon oath or affirmation when sitting for that purpose, and conviction shall require concurrence by two-thirds vote. The senate may adjourn to a fixed date for the trial, which date shall be not more than six months from the time articles of impeachment are preferred. The house of representatives need not be in session during the trial. The chief justice or an associate justice appointed by him shall preside at the trial unless the chief justice is on trial, in which event the governor shall preside. Judgment shall extend only to removal from office and disqualification to hold any office of honor, trust, or profit under the state, and shall not affect the criminal or civil liability of the convicted officer.

An impeached officer shall immediately be disqualified from performing any duties until acquitted by the senate, and unless the governor is impeached he may by appointment fill the office until completion of trial.

Section 16. Appropriation Bills; Withdrawal of Public Funds. Laws making appropriations for salaries of public officers and other current expenses of the state shall contain provisions on no other subject.

Section 17. Civil Service Systems and Boards. The legislature may create or abolish civil service systems and boards for state, county, district, or municipal employees, and also for such officers thereof as are not appointed by the governor or elected, and may authorize such boards to prescribe the qualifications, methods of selection, and tenure of such employees and officers.

Section 18. Welfare. The legislature may provide by general law for a uniform system of benefits to residents having claim upon the aid and sympathy of society by reason of age, infirmity, or misfortune. No person shall receive state benefits unless he has been a resident of the state for five years immediately preceding application and, if application is based solely on age, has reached the age of sixty-five; provided, when necessary to secure state participation in federal funds the legislature may adopt the federal requirements then in effect.

Section 19. Mechanics Liens. The legislature shall provide for giving to mechanics and other laborers an adequate lien on the subject matter of their labor.

Section 20. Alcoholic Beverages; Legislative Authority. In those counties in which the sale of intoxicating beverages is not prohibited as herein provided, the legislature shall regulate the manufacture and sale thereof by private persons or provide for the manufacture or sale thereof by the state or a state agency.

Section 21. Effective Date of This Article. This article is one of a group of fourteen amendments proposed at the same session of the legislature and submitted to the electors at the same election, and it shall not become effective or a part of the constitution unless the electors adopt simultaneously with this article the amendments constituting respectively the Preamble and Articles I, II, IV, and VI through XIV. This section is an integral part of this article and the entire article shall be invalid if this section is held invalid.

Section 2. The legislature finds as a fact that the interlocking details and the framework of the constitutional provisions contained in the fourteen joint resolutions constituting the Preamble and Articles I through IV, and VI through XIV of the proposed revised constitution are such that it would be impracticable to have the provisions of any of them become operative unless all of them are presented at the same election and are adopted thereat, and that the constitutional amendment proposed in this joint resolution should not become effective unless the electors adopt each of said fourteen proposed amendments at the same election.

Filed in Office Secretary of State October 23, 1957.

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COMMITTEE SUBSTITUTE FOR HOUSE JOINT RESOLUTION NO. 30-X

A JOINT RESOLUTION proposing revision of Article XII of the Constitution of the State of Florida.

Be it Resolved by the Legislature of the State of Florida:

Section 1. The following proposed revision of Article XII of the Constitution of Florida is hereby agreed to and shall be submitted to the electors of Florida for ratification or rejection at an election to be held as provided at this session of the legislature, that is to say:

ARTICLE XII

AMENDMENTS

Section 1. Amendment Pursuant to Legislative Action. The legislature may by joint resolution adopted as provided in this section propose an amendment to this constitution. A resolution proposing an amendment shall confine itself to the subject matters of one article but may include any provisions in other articles relating thereto; provided, when the legislature submits more than one proposed revised article hereof, to be voted upon in the same general election, any such proposed article may provide that it shall not become effective unless other specified proposed articles are adopted by the electors at such election, and thereupon none of such proposed articles shall become a part hereof unless all of them are adopted. The resolution shall be processed in the manner provided herein for enactment of laws, except that:

(1) It shall forthwith be entered in full on the journal of the house in which introduced.

(2) The house in which it is introduced shall forthwith furnish a copy to the attorney general, who shall consider it and within ten days transmit to each house recommendations or suggestions as to its effect upon other provisions of the constitution and as to its form and substance, but his failure to act shall not affect legislative action thereon.

(3) No vote upon the adoption of the joint resolution shall be taken until on or after the eighteenth calendar day after its introduction in the originating house. Final adoption shall require affirmative vote of three-fifths of the membership of each house, the yeas and nays to be entered on the journal; and if the resolution is amended it shall be entered on the journals as finally adopted.

(4) The resolution shall not be subject to veto.

Section 2. Submission to Electors. A proposed amendment shall be submitted to the electors for ratification or rejection at the next general election held more than seventy days after the adoption of the resolution unless by vote of three-fourths of the membership of each house the legislature shall provide for its submission at a special election at an earlier date. The secretary of state shall cause the proposed amendment, together with a notice of the date of the election thereon, to be published twice in one newspaper in each county where a newspaper is published, the first publication to be not more than ten or less than eight weeks before the election, and the second publication to be at least one week after the first and not less than six weeks before the election.

Section 3. Effective Date; Approval by Electors. If a majority of the electors of the state shall vote in favor of the proposed amendment, it shall take effect at noon on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in January next after the election if voted upon in a general election, and on the sixtieth day after the election if voted upon at a special election, or in either case at such other date as the joint resolution shall provide.

A proposed amendment that applies to fewer than all the counties of the state shall not become a part hereof unless adopted by vote of the electors of the county or counties designated and also by vote of the electors of the state.

Section 4. Revision by Convention. Whenever the legislature, by vote of two-thirds of the membership of each house with the yeas and nays entered on the journals, determines that revision of the constitution is necessary, it shall provide for a convention, to be convened within six months thereafter, to adopt and submit a revision to it for its consideration. The convention membership shall be equal to and apportioned among the counties in the same manner as the membership of the senate and house of representatives. Vacancies shall be filled by the governor. The legislature shall provide for election of delegates and notice of election. A legislator or any other public officer may be elected delegate. The convention shall determine its own organization, discipline, and rules of procedure; provided, a majority shall be required for all action other than compelling attendance of absent members.

The legislature shall at its next regular session, or at a special session called for the purpose, act upon the revision submitted, which may be amended by vote of three-fourths of the membership of each house. If the revision is approved by vote of three-fifths of the membership of each house it shall be submitted to the electors for ratification or rejection at the next general election held more than seventy days after adoption of the resolution, unless by vote of three-fourths of the membership of each house the legislature provides for its submission at an earlier special election.

Alternatively, by vote of three-fourths of the membership of each house with the yeas and nays entered on the journals, the legislature may provide in the resolution providing for the convention that the revision proposed by the convention shall be submitted directly to the electors for ratification or rejection at the next general election held more than seventy days after adoption thereof by the convention.

In either event the secretary of state shall cause the proposed revision and a notice of the election date to be published twice in one newspaper in each county where a newspaper is published, the first publication to be not more than ten or less than eight weeks before the election, and the second to be at least one week after the first and not less than six weeks before the election.

Section 5. Effective Date; Approval by Electors. If a majority of the electors of the state shall vote in favor of the revised constitution, it shall take effect at noon on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in January next after the election if voted upon in a general election, and on the sixtieth day after the election if voted upon at a special election, or in either case at such other date as the joint resolution shall provide.

Section 6. Effective Date of This Article. This article is one of a group of fourteen amendments proposed at the same session of the legislature and submitted to the electors at the same election, and it shall not become effective or a part of the constitution unless the electors adopt simultaneously with this article the amendments constituting respectively the Preamble and Articles I through IV, VI through XI, XIII, and XIV. This section is an integral part of this article and the entire article shall be invalid if this section is held invalid.

Filed in Office Secretary of State October 23, 1957.

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COMMITTEE SUBSTITUTE FOR HOUSE JOINT RESOLUTION 31-X

A JOINT RESOLUTION proposing revision of Article XIII of the Constitution of the State of Florida.

Be it Resolved by the Legislature of the State of Florida:

Section 1. The following proposed revision of Article XIII of the Constitution of Florida is hereby agreed to and shall be submitted to the electors of Florida for ratification or rejection at an election to be held as provided at this session of the legislature, that is to say:

ARTICLE XIII

SCHEDULE

Section 1. Constitution Effective Date; Short Title. This constitution shall take effect at noon, eastern standard time, on the sixtieth day after its adoption, and as adopted and as thereafter amended, together with Article V of the constitution of 1885, as amended, shall bear the short title: Florida Constitution of 1958. When the Preamble and Articles I through IV and VI through XIV hereof become effective all articles of the constitution of 1885 except Article V shall be superseded thereby and are repealed as of that date.

Section 2. Existing Laws, Legal Rights, and Liabilities; Continuance. All laws, regulations, ordinances, and rules of court not in conflict herewith shall continue in force until repealed or amended. Unless otherwise provided herein, no existing judgment, decree, writ, action, cause of action, prosecution, contract, claim, charter, franchise, or other existing right or liability shall be affected hereby.

Section 3. First Election; Continuance of Incumbents. Except as provided herein for special elections and for election of legislators in the first legislature hereunder, the first elections hereunder shall be at the first general election after this constitution takes effect. Each person holding public office at the adoption hereof shall continue therein for the remainder of the term for which elected; provided, at the effective date hereof the board of public instruction in each county shall become the county school board hereunder, the school district trustees and special tax school district trustees shall cease to hold office, and their duties not inconsistent herewith shall be performed by the county school board.

Section 4. Effective Date of This Article. This article is one of a group of fourteen amendments proposed at the same session of the legislature and submitted to the electors at the same election, and it shall not become effective or a part of the constitution unless the electors adopt simultaneously with this article the amendments constituting respectively the Preamble and Articles I through IV, VI through XII, and XIV. This section is an integral part of this article and the entire article shall be invalid if this section is held invalid.

Filed in Office Secretary of State October 23, 1957.

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HOUSE JOINT RESOLUTION 32-X

A JOINT RESOLUTION proposing revision of Section 1 of Article XVII of the Constitution of the State of Florida.

Be it Resolved by the Legislature of the State of Florida:

Section 1. The legislature finds as a fact:

(a) that the interlocking details and the framework of the constitutional amendments contained in the fourteen joint resolutions constituting the Preamble and Articles I through IV and VI through XIV of the proposed revised constitution are such that it would be impracticable to have the provisions of any of them become operative unless all of them are presented at the same election and are adopted thereat;

(b) that the constitutional amendment proposed in each of said fourteen joint resolutions should not become effective unless the electors adopt all of said fourteen proposed amendments at the same election;

(c) that ballots for voting upon said fourteen proposed amendments at the same election should be prepared in such manner that each elector may by a single vote cast his vote for approval or rejection of all of them and also in such manner that each elector may, in the alternative, cast his vote for approval or rejection of any one of them;

(d) that upon rejection of one or more of said fourteen proposed amendments each of them should by its terms not become effective; and

(e) that an amendment procedure designed to accomplish the foregoing objectives should be clearly provided by amending the article of the Constitution of the State of Florida relating to the amending process.

Section 2. The following amendment repealing and superseding Section 1 of Article XVII of the Constitution of the State of Florida is hereby agreed to and shall be submitted to the electors of the state at an election to be provided for at this session of the legislature, that is to say:

Section 1. Method of Amending Constitution. Either branch of the Legislature, at any regular session, or at any special or extraordinary session thereof called for such purpose either in the governor's original call or any amendment thereof, may propose the revision or amendment or revisions or amendments of any portion or portions of this Constitution. Any such revision or revisions or amendment or amendments may relate to one subject or any number of subjects, but no amendment shall consist of more than one revised article of the Constitution, except as hereinafter provided.

If the proposed revision or revisions or amendment or amendments are agreed to by three-fifths of the members elected to each house, they shall be entered upon the respective journals with the yeas and nays and published in one newspaper in each county where a newspaper is published for two times, one publication to be made not earlier than ten weeks and the other not later than six weeks, immediately preceding the election at which the same are to be voted upon, and thereupon submitted to the electors of the State for approval or rejection at the next general election, provided, however, that such revision or revisions or amendment or amendments may be submitted for approval or rejection in a special election under the conditions described in and in the manner provided by Section 3 of Article XVII of this Constitution. If a majority of the electors voting upon the amendment or amendments adopt such amendment or amendments the same shall become a part of the Constitution, provided, however, that when the Legislature submits more than one proposed revised article of the Constitution to be voted upon in the same election, any such proposed revised article may provide that it shall not become effective unless other specified proposed revised articles are approved by the electors at such election, and in such case none of such proposed revised articles shall become a part of the Constitution unless all of them are approved.

This amendment shall be effective as of October 1, 1957, and when the proposed amendment constituting Article XII of the revised Constitution becomes effective this amendment shall be superseded by it and repealed.

Filed in Office Secretary of State October 23, 1957.

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HOUSE JOINT RESOLUTION NO. 106-X

A JOINT RESOLUTION proposing that the proposed amendment to the Constitution of the State of Florida set forth in House Joint Resolution No. 32-X and the proposed amendments constituting the Preamble and Articles I through IV and VI through XIV of the proposed revised Constitution be submitted to the electors in the manner prescribed therein at the general election in 1958.

Be it Resolved by the Legislature of the State of Florida:

Section 1. The proposed amendment to the Constitution of the State of Florida set forth in House Joint Resolution No. 32-X and the fourteen proposed amendments constituting the Preamble and Articles I through IV and VI through XIV of the proposed revised constitution shall be submitted to the electors of the state at the general election in 1958 in the manner prescribed in said House Joint Resolution No. 32-X and in the respective fourteen joint resolutions containing said fourteen proposed amendments.

Filed in Office Secretary of State October 23, 1957.

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